Innate immunity Flashcards Preview

AP Biology 2014 > Innate immunity > Flashcards

Flashcards in Innate immunity Deck (26)
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1
Q

type of immunity present before any exposure to pathogens

A

innate immunity

2
Q

immunity that develops only in vertebrates, following exposure to pathogens

A

adaptive or acquired immunity

3
Q

3 forms of innate immunity present in invertebrates

A
  1. exoskeleton (only in some invertebrates
  2. lysozymes
  3. hemocytes
4
Q

enzymes that break down bacterial cell walls

A

lysozymes

5
Q

phagocytic cells in invertebrate immunity

A

hemocytes

6
Q

5 types of barrier defenses in vertebrates

A
  1. skin and mucus
  2. saliva and tears
  3. cilia
  4. gastric juice
  5. symbiotic bacteria
7
Q

three types of internal defenses of vertebrate innate immune system

A
  1. white blood cells
  2. proteins
  3. inflammatory response
8
Q

another name for ALL white blood cells

A

leukocytes

9
Q

four types of phagocytic leukocytes involved in the vertebrate innate immune resonse

A
  1. neutrophils
  2. macrophages
  3. eosinophils
  4. dendritic cells
10
Q

most common type of phagocytic white blood cell in vertebrates

A

neutrophil

11
Q

powerful phagocytic white blood cells that can leave the circulatory system and enter body tissues or the lymphatic system

A

macrophages

12
Q

phagocytic white blood cells that discharge destructive enzymes on multicellular invaders

A

eosinophils

13
Q

phagocytic leukocytes located near body surfaces that stimulate the development of acquired immunity against the invaders they encounter

A

dendritic cells

14
Q

body system consisting of vessels and nodes; function is to filter the interstitial fluid and trap pathogens

A

lymphatic system

15
Q

the set of cell surface molecules that allow leukocytes to identify invading cells or damaged self cells

A

major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

16
Q

cytotoxic cells that attack body cells missing their MHC

A

natural killer (NK) cells

17
Q

protein released by NK cells that creates pores in a target cell’s membrane

A

perforin

18
Q

enzymes released by NK cells that break down proteins in the target cell

A

proteases

19
Q

“warning” proteins released by cells that have been infected by viruses to trigger neighboring cells to defend themselves

A

interferons

20
Q

proteins that attract phagocytes to foreign cells and promote lysis of invading cells

A

complement system

21
Q

steps the body takes in response to infection, often resulting in pain, heat, redness, swelling

A

inflammatory response

22
Q

cells that release histamine during the inflammatory response

A

mast cells

23
Q

chemical that promotes changes in blood vessels during the inflammatory response

A

histamine

24
Q

a fluid rich in white blood cells, dead microbes and cell debris that accumulates at the site of inflammation

A

pus

25
Q

chemicals released by macrophages during the inflammatory response that raise the body’s thermoregulatory set point in the hypothalamus

A

pyrogens

26
Q

a life-threatening condition caused by an overwhelming inflammatory response

A

septic shock