Innate Immunity Flashcards
(27 cards)
what cell type is skin and what is its mechanism of protection
squamous
water resistant which means it can’t support life well
what cell type are the mucous membranes and how do they offer protection
epithelium
peristalsis
mucocilliary
flushing of tears etc
what are defensins and where are they found
antimicrobial agents
skin and mucous membranes
what is sweat a component of and how does it provide protection
skin
low pH and high salts
full of enzymes that break down genetic material
what are surfactants and where are the found
clumps stuff together so that they are more visible to cells for phagocytosis
mucous membranes of the lungs
how do normal flora on the skin provide immune protection
secrete defensins and act as competition
what are 5 types of humoral components
complement cytokines lysozyme coagulation system lactoferrin and transferrin
what type of pathogens due humoral components work best for
extracellular
neutrophils
phagocytosis and intracellular killing
what is a negative side effect of neutrophils and macrophages
inflammation and tissue damage
macrophages
phagocytosis and intracellular killing
tissue repair
antigen presenting mechanisms
NK cells
kill virus infected and altered self cells
eosinophils
kill virus infected and altered self cells
kill parasites
what are the steps of phagocytosis
- receptor attachement
- pseudopod extension
- phagosome formation
- granule fusion and phagolysosome formation
what molecules are O2 independent when it comes to killing pathogens (4)
lactoferrin
lysozyme
cationic proteins
hyrolytic enzymes
what are the steps of nitric oxide dependent killing
signal received cytokine secreted NO synthesis proceeds by using arginine NO diffuses rapidly across membrane organism dies
what cells utilize nitric oxide killing
neutrophils and macrophages
how do NK cells know they should kill a cell
upregulated stress proteins
down regulated MHC-1 receptors
how do NK cells kill an infected cell
by using perforin
how do eosinophils attack extracellular parasites
release granules, peroxidase, and cationic protein
what does PAMP stand for
pathogen associated molecular patterns
what does PRR stand for
pathogen recognition receptor
what are the 2 types of PRR
soluble and host cell
what type of PRR is TLR
host cell receptor
