Input Redirection

Question 1

Types of Input Redirection

Answer 1

■ Standard Input (stdin)

	■ Basic Input Redirection <

	■ Here-document Redirection <<

	■ Here-string Redirection <<<

Question 2

Standard Input (stdin)

Answer 2

■ Standard input is the default way a program receives input

	■ Standard input usually comes from the keyboard

Question 3

The cat command without redirection __________

Answer 3

waits for additional input

Question 4

What is CTRL-D is used for?

Answer 4

signal the end-of-file (EOF) through stdin

Question 5

Basic Input Redirection <

Answer 5

< operator is used to redirect input from a file

r feeds pre-written data into a command automatically

Question 6

cat < myfile.txt

Answer 6

displays the contents of myfile.txt

Question 7

mail -s “I Love Linux” support@diontraining.com < message.txt

Answer 7

uses message.txt as the body of an email

Question 8

Here-document Redirection «

Answer 8

known as a here-document

■ Allows embedding multi-line input directly in a command

■ Requires a delimiter to mark the start and end of the text block

Question 9

«_space;Example

Answer 9

cat «EOF

		This is the first line.

		This is the second line.

		EOF

Question 10

Here-string Redirection «<

Answer 10

known as a here-string

Allows passing a single string as input to a command

Question 11

Example

Answer 11

mysql -u admin -p «< “DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS testdb; CREATE DATABASE testdb; USE testdb; SOURCE /path/to/setup.sql;”