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1. Toxicology > Insecticides > Flashcards

Insecticides Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Types of organophosphate insecticides

A

Aliphatic carbon, cyclic or heterocyclic phosphates

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2
Q

Types of carbamates insecticides

A

Cyclic/ aliphatic derivatives or barbamic acid
Usually doesn’t contain sulfur

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3
Q

Organophosphates susceptibility

A

Cats> dogs
Brahma cattle (bulls) > english cattle breeds
Poultry have a lower tolerance

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4
Q

Organophosphates exposure

A

Oral: most serious
Dermal: spray/pour on
Inhalation: Mist

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5
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitor muscarinic signs

A

Salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, vomiting, bradycardia, micurition, dyspnea, miosis

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6
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitor nicotinic signs

A

Muscle tremors
Twitching and paresis progression to paralysis

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7
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitor CNS signs

A

Depression, behavioral/ personality changes, hyperactivity, seizures

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8
Q

Cholinesterase depression

A

OP poisoning (stable)
Carbamate poisoning (spontaneous)
Diagnosed by whole blood and brain (caudate nucleus)

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9
Q

Pathology of OP poisoning

A

Congestion
Pulmonary edema
Dilated Intestine and filled with poison

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10
Q

OP detoxification

A

Dermal: Wash (soap/ detergent), long hair animals trimmed
Oral: emesis/ gastric lavage and charcoal

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11
Q

Treatment for OP poisoning

A

Atropine treats muscarinic signs, can’t be over 0.1-0.5 mg/kg
Diphenhydramine treats nicotinic signs

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12
Q

What is the antidote for OP poisoning?

A

2-PAM

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13
Q

Acute syndrome of OP poisoning

A

Most accurate info available for medical experts
Most common

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14
Q

Ginger Jake paralysis

A

Polyneuropathy effecting motor nerves to the distal parts of the extremities
From drinking alcoholic extract of Jamaican ginger Abdul trees by pesticide

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15
Q

Clinical manifestations of Ginger Jake paralysis

A

Loss of sensation, motor function, strokes, SC injuries and poliomyelitis
Extremities - increased muscular tension, hyperactive reflexes or loss of reflexes

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16
Q

Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids uses

A

Flea control insecticidal sprays (pest control)

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17
Q

Pyrethrins clinical signs

A

CNS stimulation: salivation, vomiting, dyspnea, cyanosis, tremors, etc. within minutes of exposure
CS resolve in death or recovery in 24-72 hours

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18
Q

Pyrethrins diagnosis

A

Toxicology analysis
Clorinated hydrocarbons, metaldehyde, strychnine etc.

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19
Q

Pyrethrins treatment

A

Bathe with soap and water if dermal
Emetics/ gastric lavage in recent exposures (4hrs)
Activated charcoal and saline sobitol cathartic

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20
Q

Supportive therapy for Pyrethrins

A

For seizure and hyperexcitability control use diazepam and barbiturates

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21
Q

Chlorinated hydrocarbons

Study These Flashcards
A

Includes DDT, DDE, methoxychlor, chlorpyrifos
Alters Na channels enhancing action potential causing seizures

22
Q

Chlorinated hydrocarbons MOA

Study These Flashcards
A

Readily absorbed via skin and muscle
Accumulated in adipose tissue and slow released

23
Q

Treatment of Chlorinated hydrocarbons

Study These Flashcards
A

Bathe and clip hair
Diazepam, phenobarbital, pentobarbital (seizures)

24
Q

Organochlorine insecticide effects

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A

Eggshell thinning in raptors (eagle, hawks)
Estrogenic effects in birds –> infertility

25
Metaldehyde
Bait pelleted or meal-style bait Southern lowlands in US Most common in dogs
26
Toxicokinetics of Metaldehyde
↓ 5 HT, serotonin in brain and GABA levels --> excitatory signs in CNS
27
Signs of Metaldehyde
Seizures, muscle tremors, metabolic acidosis Cattle/ sheep: ataxia and tremors Horses: colic, diarrhea, sweating, tremors, hyperestesia
28
Treatment for Metaldehyde
Diazepam, barbiturates and methocarbamol Artificial respiration, fluid therapy
29
Fipronil
Flea and tick control on dogs and cats, home ant, termite control Pest control on food crops, turf insect control
30
Fipronil infection
Toxic to shrimp, oysters, fish, bees, game birds Causes seizures in rabbits Skin lesions
31
Treatment for fipronil
Bath dogs 24-48 hours after exposure Dish detergent, follicle flushing tatto or steroids
32
Rotenone
Derived from the root of the Derris plant Arrow poison to paralyze fish
33
Sourced of rotenone
Flea control products and premise insecticides Topical product--> bovine hypoderma larvae
34
MOA of rotenone
Inhibits electron transfer and mitosis Complexes with reduced NADH
35
Signs of rotenone
CNS and GIT Vomiting, gastric irritation, lethargy, stupor, dyspnea, etc.
36
Amitraz
Formamidine insecticide used on cattle, dogs and pigs Topical used in flea collars Ectoparasite contil in swine
37
Amitraz mechanism of toxicity
Weak monamine oxidase inhibitor Targets CNS and CVS
38
Clinical signs of amitraz
CNS depression and CVS bradycardia Ataxia, disorientation, vomiting, anorexia, polyuria, diarrhea, vocalization, seizures
39
Do not use amitraz on _________
cats
40
4- Aminopyridine (4-AP)
↑ acetylcholine release and inhibits K+ repolarization Lethal doses: seizures to death Clin signs: CNS stimulation Highly toxic to mammals
41
4- Aminopyridine (4-AP) treatment
Fampridine --> used to treat symptoms of multiple sclerosis
42
Nicotine
Mimics ACh in SNS, PSNS and NMJ Rapid onset of action
43
Toxic doses of nicotine
Simulation followed by blockade of nerual transmission Signs: Hyperactivity, vomiting, salivation, tremors, tachycardia, death
44
What is death of nicotine due to?
Respiratory paralysis of diaphragm
45
Napthalene
Old mothballs causing metabolic acidosis and hemolytic- heinz body anemia Pathology in liver and kidney Toxicity: vomiting, napthalene odor, methemoglobin
46
Paradischlorobenzene
Newer mothballs and less toxic but more GIT effects Pathology of the liver and kidney
47
Treatment and diagnosis of moth balls
Emesis, decontaminate, supportive therapy Diagnosed with methylene blue
48
Deet
CLS: Vomiting, tremors, excitation, ataxia, seizures Dermal: erythema, desquamation, scarring
49
Boric acid
CLS: vomiting, diarrhea, muscle weakness, ataxia, acidosis Lesions: gastroenteritis, hepatic, renal lipidosis, renal tubular damage
50
Citric oil extracts (Limonene and linalool)
Uncommon, in cats treated with high dose Central and peripheral vasodilation and neurologic mechanism

1. Toxicology (14 decks)

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