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KIN 120 - REC/PERSONS W DISABILITIES > Instruction > Flashcards

Flashcards in Instruction Deck (17)
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1
Q

What are some indicators that adapting should lead to?

A
  • warm and positive climate
  • ensuring success oriented activities
  • time spent on lesson objectives
  • on-task behaviours that are linked to lesson objectives
  • shared responsibility for learning and demonstrated self-determination (choice making)
  • integrate choice into lesson plan
2
Q

What are some inputs that influence our instruction?

A
  • age, gender, socioeconomic class, culture, self concept, attitudes, knowledge, actual and perceived, competence, creativity, expectations, perceptions, emotions, fears
3
Q

What are some aspects of environment that have an effect on our instruction?

A
  • class size, facilities, equipment, school, home, and community resources, lighting, sound, smells
4
Q

What are some different types of assistance we can provide?

A
  • physical, visual, verbal, or a combination
5
Q

How can we increase student independence?

A
  • physical prompts, visual prompts, verbal prompts, no prompts
  • view as a scale - as instructor assistance goes down, student independence goes up
6
Q

How is human behaviour conditioned according to behaviourists?

A
  • consequences (positive or negative) that result from our actions
7
Q

What are the 3 elements (ABC’s) of behaviour?

A
  • Antecedent (Stimulus) - event
  • Behaviour (Response)
  • Consequences (Reinforcer)
8
Q

What is the purpose of reinforcement?

A
  • increase or strengthen behaviour or response over time
9
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A
  • presentation of a favourable event (reward)

- adding something they like to maintain that behaviour

10
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A
  • omission or removal of an unfavourable event (escape) taking away something they don’t like to get them to do it again
11
Q

What is punishment?

A
  • punishment designed to prevent or stop a behaviour from occurring, or deb read something that isn’t deemed valuable
12
Q

What is positive punishment?

A
  • presentation of an unfavourable event (add an event they don’t like as punishment)
13
Q

What is negative punishment?

A
  • removal of a positively valued event
14
Q

What are some issues to consider when using positive reinforcement?

A
  • reinforce every behaviour when teaching something new
  • reinforcers should be functional, age-appropriate, individual and easily provided (every time that behaviour is performed, provide the same reinforcement award)
15
Q

What are some issues to consider when using negative reinforcement?

A
  • the word “negative” means the event has been contingently removed or taken away
16
Q

What are some issues to consider when using punishment?

A
  • does not build a positive relationship
  • emotional responses are likely
  • potentially addictive to punisher
  • teaches people what NOT to do
17
Q

How can we avoid things that interfere with the instructors signals?

A
  1. use optimal structure
  2. reduce space
  3. eliminate irrelevant stimuli
  4. highlight relevant stimuli