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CLIN CHEM > INSTRUMENTATION > Flashcards

INSTRUMENTATION Flashcards

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1
Q

used for heating and sterilization purposes
[+2 examples]

A

Borosilicate glass

pyrex
kimax

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2
Q

_________________ characterized by a high degree of thermal resistance and free from [3]

A

Borosilicate glass

heavy metals
arsenic
antimony
magnesiumlime-zinc group of elements

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3
Q

strain point of 515C

A

Pyrex

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4
Q

low alkali content

high resistance alkali

dilute alkali

A

borosilicate glass

boron-free/soft glass

vycor

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5
Q

less thermal resistance

high degree of thermal resistance

high thermal

poor resistance to high temperature

A

boron-free/soft glass

borosilicate glass

vycor

flint glass

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6
Q

special alumina-silicate glass that has been strengthened chemically than thermally [+1 example]

A

Corex

Corning

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7
Q

_______________
utilized for high thermal, drastic heat shock and extreme chemical treatment with acids [except ________] and dilute alkali; it can be heated ________C

A

Vycor

hydofluoric
9OOC

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8
Q

___________
made up of soda-lime glass and a mixture of [3]

A

flint glass

calcium
silicon
sodium oxides

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9
Q

it is easy to melt and used to make disposable glasswares

A

flint glass

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10
Q

6x stronger than borosilicate

A

Corex

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11
Q

has continuous etched rings on top of pipet

absence of etched rings

A

Blowout

Self-draining

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12
Q

liquid is allowed to drain by gravity

exact volume is obtained when the last drop is blown out

A

self-draining

Blowout

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13
Q

for nonviscous fluid transfer pipet

for viscous fluid transfer pipet

A

volumetric pipet

ostwald

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14
Q

is volumetric pipet self-draining or blowout type

A

self draining

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15
Q

small amount left in the tip should not be blown out

A

volumetric pipet

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16
Q

with etched ring

A

ostwald

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17
Q

transfer fluids without consideration of specific volume

A

pasteur pipet

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18
Q

transfer pipet aside from the volumetric, ostwald, pasteur

A

automatic macro/micropipette

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19
Q

4 types of graduated or measuring pipet

A

Serological
Mohr
Bacteriologic
Ball, Kolmer, Kahn

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20
Q

with graduations to the tip
blowout pipet

A

serological pipet

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21
Q

without graduations to the tip
self-draining pipet

A

mohr pipet

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22
Q

The four Micropipetes (< 1ml) - TC pipets

A
  1. Sahli-Hellige pipet
  2. Lang-Levy Pipet
  3. RBC and WBC pipets
  4. Kirk and Overflow Pipet
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23
Q

calibrated between 2 marks

A

mohr pipet

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24
Q

Mechanical or Automatic Pipets
MC [A. Air Displacement Pipet, B. Positive Displacement Pipet C. Dispenser/Dilutor Pipet]

  1. It operates by moving the piston in the pipet tip or barrel, much like a hypodermic syringe.
  2. It relies on piston for suction creation to draw the sample into a disposable tip.
  3. It obtains liquid from a common reservoir and dispensed it repeatedly.
A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
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25
Mechanical or Automatic Pipets MC [A. Air Displacement Pipet, B. Positive Displacement Pipet C. Dispenser/Dilutor Pipet] 1. It combines sampling and dispensing functions. 2. The piston does not come in contact with the liquid. 3. It does not require a different to for each use
1. C 2. A 3. B
26
Volume Measurements 1 lambda =
1 microliter (0.001 mL.)
27
1 microliter
1.0 milligram
28
Are made primarily of polypropylene
Plastic pipet tips
29
as the fluid is allowed to drain into the receiving vessel, pipets should be held in _________ position w/ the tips [parallel/against] the side of the receptacle.
avertical against
30
For volumetric TD pipette, it should not be _______ or _______ against the wall of the container during draining because any disruption of the free-flowing fluid may result in an inaccurate deliver of the liquid
shaken hit
31
these 2 conditions indicate that the pipette is not sufficiently clean
imperfect wetting presence of discreet droplets of water
32
is the cleaning solution of glassware
acid dichromate
33
laboratory balances require _______ at regular intervals and they should coincide the requirements of lab testing and accrediting organizations
calibration
34
the new mass standards and test weight accuracy classes appropriate for laboratory balances
American Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM] classes 1/2
35
the operator must avoid direct contact with weights by using _______ or special lifting tools [example]. Hand contact with the weights can cause _________.
clean gloves forceps corrosion
36
Total immersion thermometers [2]
Refrigerators Freezers
37
Noncertified thermometers can be calibrated by using these two
NIST SRM934 NIST SRM1968 gallium melting point cell
38
Temperature monitoring devices should be verified for accuracy at __________ month intervals.
6 or 12
39
Liquids are pumped through a system of continuous tubing
Continuous Flow Analyzer
40
uses the force generated by centrifugation to transfer spx and rgts
Centrifugal Analyzer
41
samples flow through a common reaction vessel or pathway
Continuous Flow Analyzer
42
they serve as separating and cleaning media in continuous flow analyzer
air bubbles
43
in continuous flow analyzer and discrete analyzers, __________ maintain the required temperature of the rxn to allow complete color development
heating bath
44
____________________ Liquids are placed in separate cuvets for measurement at the perimeter of a _________ [#rpm]
centrifugal analzyer spinning rotor 1OOO rpm
45
Mixing of spx/rgts: by using glass coil inserted into the flow path rotor and bubbling of air
continuous flow analyzer centrifugal analyzer
46
Examples are Cobas-Bio [Roche] and IL Monarch
Centrifugal Analyzer
47
cons: all tests are performed in parallel where measurement of every analyte configured on the system for every sample
continuous flow analyzer
48
major pros: Batch analysis [discrete-batch]
centrifugal analyzer
49
most popular and versatile analyzer measures only the test requested on a sample
Discrete analyzer
50
Discrete analyzer requires [# uL] of the sample
2-6uL
51
employs a variety of syringe pipettes [positive liquid-displacement pipets] to aspirate and dispense samples/rgts
discrete analyzer
52
capable of running multiple-tests-one-sample-at-a-time
discrete analyzer
53
each sample-rgt mixture handled separately in its own reaction vessel
discrete analyzer
54
in discrete analyzer, for _______technology [_________ photometry], the spreading layer permits a rapid uniform spreading layer over the rgt layer
dry slide technology reflectance photometry
55
discrete analyzer mixing methods [5]
magnetic stirrings bars magnetic driven teflon stirring bars ultrasonic energy rotating paddle forceful energy
56
major pros is its random access capability-- allowing STAT samples to be easily tested
Discrete analyzers
57
measurement of light reflected from solid surfaces
reflectance photometry
58
the intensity of the reflected light from the rgt carrier is compared with the intensity of light reflected from a reference surface
reflectance photometry
59
a ___________ is used to measure analytes by measuring the quantity of light reflected by a liquid sample that has been dispensed onto a grainy or fibrous solid support
reflectance photometry reflectometer
60
common methods used for measuring methods
visible and UV light spectrophotometry
61
Abbott TDX uses this for drug analysis
fluorescent polarization
62
Tablet form reagents
ACA Star [Dade] Paramax
63
Multilayered dry slide [thin film] reagents
Vitros analyzer
64
is the transport of quantity of analyte or reagent from one specimen reaction into another, and contaminating a subsequent one
Carry over
65
all samples are loaded at the same time, and a single test is conducted on each sample
Batch testing
66
more than one test is analyzed concurrently on a given clinical spx
parallel testing
67
any test can be performed on any sample in any sequence
random access testing
68
multiple tests analyzed one after another on a given spx
Sequential testing
69
a system other than manufacturer's rgts can be utilized for measurements
open reagent system
70
a system where the operator can only used the manufacturer's rgts
closed-reagent system
71
it provides point-to-point delivery of spx to the lab and offered several advantages over spx transport by humans
pneumatic tube delivery system

CLIN CHEM (12 decks)

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