Integumentary (skin) Flashcards by Hafsa Fadl

What makes up the skin

Skin
Nails
Hair
Sweat glands
Oil glands

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I bag percentage of body mass is the skin?

10-16%

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Skin thickness of the eye lids? In mm

0.5mm

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What has the thickness of 1-2 cm

Heel/ball of foot

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1) Which skin layer consists of a single row of keratinocytes? & what else happens on this layer

Stratum basale
&
Cell division happens here

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2) How many layers does the stratum spinosum consist of? And of what?
Hint: there’s 3 things

8-10 layers
Keratinocytes
Langerhans
Melanocytes

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What layer of skin consists of flattened, keratinocytes?

Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucindum
Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum

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The stratum granulosum has certain granules present here what are they?

Lamellar granules

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Which layer of the skin is keratin produced ?

Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucindum
Stratum spinosum

Stratum Granulosum

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Stratum lucindum skin layer is present only where? & how many layers of keratinocytes does this layer have

Palms, finger tips and soles of feet!
3-5 layers of flattened and dead keratinocytes

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The stratum lucindum layer of skin has 3-5 layers of flat & dead keratinocytes that contain large amounts of what?

Keratin and thickened plasma membranes

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How many layers does the stratum corneum have? & what do the lipids from the lamellar granules do?

Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucindum
Stratum spinosum

25 - 30 layers of DEAD keratinocytes .
- Create a water repellant barrier

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What is the manufacturing layer that holds everything together !!

Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucindum
Stratum spinosum

Stratum basale

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What is the last living skin layer ?

Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucindum
Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum

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What is it called when cells die and what layer does this happen?

Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucindum
Stratum spinosum

Apoptosis & stratum granulosum

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Which layer has the chief function of waterproofing ?

Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucindum
Stratum spinosum

Stratum Granulosum

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Which layer of skin is responsible of stretching ?

Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucindum
Stratum spinosum

Stratum lucindum

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Which layer of skin has contains proteins responsible for for apoptosis

Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucindum
Stratum spinosum

Stratum lucindum

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Which layer protects inner layers from mechanical damage ?

Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucindum
Stratum spinosum

Stratum corneum

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What does keratin do to the skin?

Makes it stronger and flexible

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Which layer does not have blood vessels?
Hint: Dermis

Epidermis

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2 layers mainly the skin is made of ?

Reticular layer
Papillary layer

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Which layer contains epidermal ridge and dermal papilla?

Papillary layer

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Which layer of skin are These present on?

Arrector pilli muscle
Sebaceous (oil) gland
Sweat gland
Mecocrine sweat gland

Papillary layer or reticular layer

Reticular layer

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5 functions of the skin !??

Serves as blood supply Sensitivity Thermoregulation Immunity Excretion Endocrine Protection

Layers of skin form the top to bottom ?

Stratum corneum Stratum lucindum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale Basement membrane

What do sebaceous gland secrete?

Oily substance known as sebum

What does that secretion from the sebaceous gland contain ?

Lactic acid

What does lactic acid do to the PH of h the skin ?

Lowers it PH

Where is glyolipid produced ??

Stratum Granulosum, lucindum & corneum

Why is glycolipids produced in those layers ??

Prevents pathogens 🦠 migrating through as it cements the layers together !!

When do you loose heat from the body Vasoconstriction or dilation

Vasodilation

What’ does the body do to cool its self down?

Sweating !!

What these different types of? Meissners corpuscle Pacinian corpuscle Merkels discs Ruffinis corpuscle

Receptors

Ruffinis corpuscle is responsible for ?…

Temperature

Merkels discs detect what ? & found where?

Fingertips Detect static pressure & touch

Pacinian corpuscle detects …

grosss pressure changes & vibration - found deeper in skin

What does the meissners corpuscle detect?

Light touch and dynamic pressure

MLS of water that evaporates from the skin?

400mls

Skin has a network of blood vessels that hold what percentage of total blood flow in resting adult

8-10%

What vitamin Dioes our body create from direct ☀️ light?

Vitamin D

What is osteomalacia ?

Bending of bones/Ricketts.

What 3 things give us skin colour 😋?

Haemaglobin Melonin Carotine

Beta carotene - vivid yellow orange, red colour to foods The body converts beta carotene into vitamin _____ & plays critical role in cell growth, and maintains healthy organs

What does glabrous mean?

Smooth skin: no hair

How does our body create vit D

Direct sunlight

What does vit D allow your body to do?

Absorb calcium

What does ostea malacia mean (not rickets)

Bone softening

Well oxygenated blood has how many oxygen units attached to the heamaglobin?

The less oxygen that’s attached to haemaglobin how will the blood look?

Darker (cyanosis)

What vitamin is beta carotene converted to?

Vit A

Whre is carotene stored ?

Stratum corneum & Fatty layers

What is the lunule?

White part of nail near nail bedq

What happens if the nail matrix or nail bed is damaged ?

It can prevent future growth and nail growing properly

What is the eponychium on the nail?

Cuticle

MUST KNOW! What are the types of melanin

Eumelanin & Phomelanin

What cells make melanin ? What layer are these cells in?

Melanocytes Basal epidermis

In this layer where the melanocytes are present what is the ratio of melanin to keratinocytes

1:10 1 - melanocytes 10 - Keratinocytes

Phomelanin what colour skin is it incharge of?

Yellow to red

What colours eumelanin responsible for ?

Dark brown to black

MUST KNOW: HAIR What secures hair ? Not roots btw

Dermal papilla

How do we end up becoming grey?

Melanocytes become more ineffective

Revision: melanocytes create a pool of melanin that is spread OUT!!

Melanocytes are becoming less effective what’s the repercussion?

Greying of hair

Integumentary (skin) Flashcards

(64 cards)