Integumentary System Flashcards by Alexandra Armstrong

Define the meaning of:
Integumentary
cutaneous

covering

skin

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List the components of the integumentary system

Cutaneous membrane - epidermis, dermis, accessory structures

Subcutaneous layer

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List the functions of the integument

Protection / waterproofing
Temperature maintenance
Sensory reception
Synthesis and storage of nutrients
Excretion + secretion
Synthesises Vit D with UV

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State the number of layers in thick + thin skin

5 layers of thick skin e.g. palms and soles

4 layers of thin skin e.g. back of hand

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Name the 5 cell layers of the epidermis

Stratum germinativum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum

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What 3 types of cells does the Stratum germinativum (basal layer) contain?

Merkel cells
Stem cells
Melanocyte - synthesise melanin

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List some features of the Stratum spinosum

8-10 layers of cells that look like pin cushions
containg langerhan cells
may contain superficial cancer cells

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List some features of the Stratum granulosum

3-5 layrs
keratin granules in the cytoplasm
no cell division

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List some features of the Stratum lucidum

found in thick skin

flattened, densely packed and filled with keratin

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List some features of the Stratum corneum

15-30 layers of flattened, dead cells

abundant keratin

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Stratum basal cells take __ - __ days to reach stratum corneum.

Cells remain in stratum corneum for an additional __ weeks before they shed.

15-30

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Define insensible perspiration

Water loss through the stratum corneum to the surface and then evaporates

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What glands produce sensible perspiration?

sweat glands

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Give two ways in which the epidermis can be damaged to speed up water loss

blisters

burns

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What are the 3 sources of skin colour?

Melanocytes
Carotene
Hemoglobin

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Melanocytes make pigment called _____, which provides __ protection. It gives a _______ to ______ colour

melanin
UV
red/brown to brown/black

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Carotene is a pro vitamin provided from our ____, that gives a ________ colour.

diet

orange/yellow

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Hemoglobin carries __ to tissues and ___ away from tissues, and gives a _____ pigment.

O2
CO2
blood red

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In the presence of UV radiation, _______ migrate to the superficial surface of the nucleus to protect the ___ from harmful radiation.

melanosomes

DNA

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Give 1 beneficial effect of UV radiation and 4 harmful effects.

+ Activates synthesis of vit D

sun burn
premature ageing, wrinkles
malignant melanoma
basal cell carcinoma

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Name the 4 cell types in the dermis

fibroblasts
macrophages
mast cells
WBCs

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Name the 3 fiber types in the dermis

collagen
elastic
reticular

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What roles does the dermis have?

Temp. regulation
strong, flexible connective tissue
Rich supply of nerves and vessels

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Name the 2 layers of the dermis

Papillary - top layer
Reticular - 80% of dermis
- bottom layer

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The papillary layer consists of ______ CT with collagen and _____ fibres. Dermal _____ form ridges that form our fingerprints, palms and footprints

areolar elastic papillae

The reticular layer consists of dense, _____ CT and is a network of _____ fibres. The reticulum _____ the epidermis and provides _____ nerves .

irregular collagen supports sensory

Describe how stretch marks form

Excessive stretching of the dermis | Patterns of collagen and elastic fibres form lines of cleavage

How are lines of cleavage formed

Caused by the orientation of parallel bundles of collagen and elastic fibres. The lines form by following lines of tension. Bundles are aligned to resist tension

If you cut the body's lines of cleavage at right angles, the cut will remain ____ because the elastic fibres will ____.

open | recoil

What is the cutaneous plexus?

network of vessel connecting hypodermis to the dermis

What is the papillary plexus?

network of vessels between the epidermal ridge and dermal papillary layer

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the _____

hypodermis

What is the function of the hypodermis?

To stabilise the skin's position, loosely attached to dermis above and muscle below.

What are the 2 roles of fat cells in the hypodermis?

Provide thermal insulation | cushion muscle tissue

The hypodermis safely receives _______ needles.

hypodermic

Name the 3 skin accessories

Hair Glands Nails

List the 4 functions of hair

Warmth Protection Prevent foreign particles entering (nasal/ears/lashes) Sense touch

Hair is made of _____, and consists of 3 concentric layers ; ______ , ______ , and _____

keratin medulla - core cortex - surrounds medulla cuticle

The _____ ___ muscles are what produce goose bumps.

arrector pilli

Describe and name the 2 hair types

Vellus - fine, short hair | Terminal - pigmented, long, course hair

Hair colour is _____ determined but it is influenced by ______ and ______

genetically hormones environment

Name 3 glands of the skin system

Merocrine Aprocine Sebaceous

What 2 glands are known as sweat glands?

merocrine | apocrine

Sebaceous glands produce an oily secretion known as _____ .

sebum

Where are Sebaceous glands found?

face, back, chest, nipples, male sex organs

What makes up sebum?

triglycerides cholesterol proteins electrolytes

Sebum limits the growth of ______

bacteria

If sebaceous glands get blocked a _______ is formed

furuncle/boil

Give 2 functions of sebum

Keeps skin moist | gives hair a sheen

What do abnormally active sebaceous glands in adults cause?

they inflame and epidermal cells scale off - dandruff

Where are merocrine glands found?

palms soles forehead

Where are apocrine glands found?

groin anal beard

What is the sweat made of of that is produced by merocrine glands?

99% water salt urea pH 4.8-6.8

What is the sweat made of of that is produced by apocrine glands?

fatty acids - thicker, milkier sweat

Merocrine glands produce ______ perspiration for cooling the body

watery

The strong odour of sweat produced by apocrine glands is due to ______ decay

bacterial

What stimulates scent glands?

sex and stress

What are the fibers in fingerprints, footprints and palms?

Collagen - strength Elastic - stretch-recoil Tension lines - direction the bundles of fibers are arranged

What is the function of epidermal ridges on surface of fingerprints?

enhance grip

Name the 4 stages of skin healing

Inflammation - blood flow increased and phagocytes attracted Scab formation Cell division + migration Scar formation

What are fibroblasts?

connective tissue cells that secrete fibers

What is a nociceptor?

A sensory neuron that responds to potential tissue damage

Pain fibres transmit impulses to the _____ ____ via fast/ slow fibres.

spinal cord

Describe the difference between the 2 types of pain fibers.

A-delta fibers - small myelinated fibers that transmit FAST, sharp pain C-fiber - small unmyelinated fibers that transmit SLOW, dull pain

What do melanocytes synthesise?

melanin to produce a brown pigment

Integumentary System Flashcards

(65 cards)