Integumentary System Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
consists of the skin
and accessory structures such as hair, nails and
glands.
A
integumentary system
2
Q
the body’s largest organ and it
makes up approximately 15% of the body’s
total weight. It consists of two layer; the
epidermis and dermis.
A
skin
3
Q
skin’s most superficial layer, composed
of stratified squamous epithelial
tissue
A
EPIDERMIS
4
Q
found deeper to the epidermis. It is
composed of loose or areolar
connective tissue over dense irregular
connective tissue
A
DERMIS
5
Q
Cutaneous glands,
hair follicles, and most of the skin’s
nerve endings can be found in the ..?
A
DERMIS
6
Q
it is found deeper to the dermis and it
is not technically part of the skin. But it
attaches the skin to the rest of the
body. Mainly composed of adipose
connective tissue. It serves as an
insulating layer, a cushioning layer and
an energy source.
A
HYPODERMIS (SUBCUTANEOUS
LAYER/TISSUE)
7
Q
The epidermis is subdivided into four or five
general layers called
A
strata
8
Q
is the only strarum of the
epidermis with cells that actively grow and
divide to produce new epidermis.
A
Stratum basale
9
Q
-is found only on thick skin. It
is not found on thin skin.
A
Stratum lucidum
10
Q
composed of tough,
waterproof dead cells that eventually flake off
(exfoliate).
A
Stratum corneum
11
Q
begin in the stratum basale
and make up the majority of epidermal cells.
Their purpose is to grow and divide. As they
divide, they push the older cells up towards the
surface.
A
KERATINOCYTES
12
Q
By the time they reach the stratum corneum, the keratinocytes have completely filled with keratin and died. This process is called
A
cornification
13
Q
produce skin pigments called
melanin.
A
MELANOCYTES
14
Q
serve as receptors for fine
touch only.
A
TACTILE CELLS
15
Q
are immune system cells
found in the stratum spinosum and the
stratum granulosum. They alert the body’s
immune system to the invasion of pathogens
that could make it through the stratum
corneum.
A
DENDRITIC CELLS
16
Q
sometime called the true skin.
A
Dermis
17
Q
Blood
vessels, fibers, nerve ending, hair follicles and
cutaneous glands are found in the?
A
Dermis
18
Q
are the bumps on the superficial
edge of the dermis.
A
PAPPILAE
19
Q
They are arranged in a
random pattern over most of the body, form
individual-specific patterns of ridges on the
palmar and plantar surfaces.
A
PAPPILAE
20
Q
the dermis changes from loose tissue
to dense connective tissue.
A
FIBERS
21
Q
give the skin strength.
A
Collagen
22
Q
provide elasticity, which allows the
skin to come back to shape when stretched.
A
Elastin
23
Q
The cells
(fibroblasts) of both tissues produce two types
of protein fibers;
A
collagen and elastin.
24
Q
nerve cells have endings in
the dermis that serves as receptors (receiving
devices). These include warm receptor, cold,
pain and pressure receptor.
A
NERVE ENDINGS
25
considered exocrine
| glands, are located throughout the dermis.
CUTANEOUS GLANDS
26
produce and secrete products
that are delivered to the appropriate locations
through ducts.
Exocrine glands
27
Two basic types of cutaneous glands;
sebaceous glands and sweat glands.
28
are associated with hair
| follicle.
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
29
a very oily, lipid-rich substance is
produce by the sebaceous gland to moisturize
the skin and hair.
Sebum
30
Helps cool
the body
through
evaporation.
MEROCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND
31
```
Deliver
sweat
through
pore. They
are
located all
over the
body
```
MEROCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND
32
```
Deliver
sweat
through
hair
follicle.
They are
associated
with
axillary -
hair, pubic
hair and
the beard
```
APOCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND
33
```
Serves as
scent to
influence
the behavior
of others.
```
APOCRINE
SWEAT
GLAND
34
Found
only in the
ear canal
CERUMINOS
| GLAND
35
```
Keeps the
ear drum
flexible,
waterproofs
the ear
canal, kills
bacteria and
protects ear
canal from
foreign
debris.
```
CERUMINOS
| GLAND
36
Gland found in
the
breast.
MAMNARY
| GLAND
37
Nourishes
| an infant.
MAMNARY
| GLAND
38
is positioned at an
angle in the dermis with a dermal
papilla at its base.
hair follicle
39
this muscle attaches
the hair follicle's base to the epidermis at an
angle. When this muscle contracts, it pulls on
the hair follicle's base, making the hair stand in an upright position to the skin's surface (goose
bumps).
ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE
40
Is present wherever there is a thin skin
| on the body.
HAIR
41
It serves as guard of the head
against bumps, shielding the eyes (via
eyelashes), and helping to keep foreign
particles out of the respiratory system (via
nose hairs), provides insulation in cold
weather.
Hair
42
thickening of the hair at the end of the
| hair follicle.
BULB
43
extends from the bulb to the skin
| surface.
root
44
is the section of the hair extending out
| from the skin surface.
SHAFT
45
growth zone of the hair bulb at the
| inferior end of the follicle.
Matrix
46
central core of each hair
Medulla
47
surrounds the medulla
Cortex
48
formed by a single layer of cells that
overlap one another like shingles on a roof. It
is the most keratinized region; it provides
strength and helps the inner hair layers tightly
compacted.
Cuticle
49
Hair pigment is made by
melanocytes
50
When the hair shaft is oval, hair is smooth
| and silky and the person has a
wavy hair
51
when the shaft is flat and ribbon like, the hair
| is
curly or kinky.
52
if it is perfectly round, the hair is
straight and
| tends to be coarse.
53
composed of epithelial
| tissue and forms the hair.
Epidermal Sheath
54
is dermal connective tissue
that supplies blood vessels to the epidermal
portion and reinforces it.
Dermal Sheath
55
protects the ends of the fingers and
toes, aids in grasping objects and are used for
scratching.
NAIL
56
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
1. PROTECTION
2. VITAMIN D PRODUCTION
3. TEMPERATURE REGULATION
4. SENSATION
5. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
6. WATER RETENTION
57
The wound is healed with
the same tissue that was damaged and normal
function is returned.
REGENERATION
58
The wound is healed with scar
| tissue and normal function is not returned.
FIBROSIS
59
a scab forms and
pulls the edges of the wound closer together
as it dries.
WOUND CONTRACTURE
60
common skin injury
burns
61
most common
burns. Symptoms are redness, pain
and swelling.
First degree burns
62
sometimes
called partial-thickness burns.
Symptoms are redness, pain, swelling
and blisters.
Second degree burns
63
sometimes called
full-thickness burns, most serious
burns. Symptoms are charring and no
pain.
Third degree burns
64
The removal of a piece of
tissue or a sample of cells
from a body so that it can
be analyzed in a laboratory.
Skin Biopsy
65
The taking of skin cell
scrapings so that the cells
can be viewed under a
microscope
Skin Scraping
66
The use of a black light to
view pigment changes in
the skin.
Wood's light
67
usually associated with sun
exposure and it is more common in older, light
skinned people.
SKIN CANCER
68
starts in stratum
basale cells and first appears as a
small, shiny bump on the face, hands,
ears, and neck.
Basal cell carcinoma
69
```
starts from
Keratinocytes in the stratum
spinosum. First appearing as red, scaly
patch that develops a central crust, it
commonly forms on the face, hands,
ears and neck
```
Squamous cell carcinoma
70
the rarest but
deadliest form of skin cancer. It starts
with melanocytes, usually in a preexisting mole. It can be seen as a dark
spot under a nail or as a mole that is
asymmetrical and has uneven color
and scalloped bordersthe rarest but
deadliest form of skin cancer. It starts
with melanocytes, usually in a preexisting mole. It can be seen as a dark
spot under a nail or as a mole that is
asymmetrical and has uneven color
and scalloped borders
Malignant melanoma
71
can stem from an
assortment of bacterial, viral and fungal
infection.
SKIN INFECTIONS
72
is an infectious skin disease
caused by the bacterium
staphylococcus or streptococcus.
Impetigo
73
```
Appear as a cluster of vesicles, which
are fluid filled blisters that burst and
crust over. Risk factors include a
possible break in the skin, moist
environment of the skin, poor hygiene,
and the existence of staphylococcus
bacterium in the nose.
```
Impetigo
74
```
commonly occurs on the
face and lower legs, characterized by
redness and swelling of an area of a
skin that increases in size rapidly. The
infected area has a tight, glossy
appearance and is tender or painful.
```
Cellulitis
75
```
are growth caused by an
infection of the skin produced by the
human papillomavirus (HPV). Types of
warts include common warts, plantar
warts, genital warts and flat warts
(found on frequently shaved surfaces).
```
Warts
76
```
this virus
is characterized by small painful
blisters that appear on the skin and on
the mucus membranes of the mouth
genitals.
```
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
77
This type of infection is extremely contagious and can be
spread through direct contact of the
infected area, even when there is no
active infection present.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
78
causes viral herpes infections seen
| on the lips or mouth
HSV-1
79
causes viral herpes infections on the
| genitals
HSV-2
80
another
type of herpes infection causes
chicken pox in children and shingles in
adults.
Herpes Varicella - Zoster
81
```
is a common
childhood disorder characterized
by red, itchy, fluid-filled vesicles or
pox that appear on the skin. The
rash is also accompanied by fever,
headache, and malaise. Chicken
pox is contagious and can be
contracted through direct or
indirect contact.
```
Chicken Pox
82
```
occurs in adult and is
similar in appearance to chicken
pox. It is characterized by small,
painful vesicles that usually follow
a path along an area of skin
supplied by a spinal nerve. It
usually occurs in the elderly or in
immunocompromised patients. It
also occurs in adults who have had
chicken pox in the past.
```
Shingles
83
```
caused by a fungus.
Contact with an infected person, damp
surfaces like shower floors or pool
decks, or even pets can transmit the
fungus.
```
Tinea infections
84
circular rash that
clears from the center, giving it a
ring like appearance.
Ringworms
85
causes burning,
itching, and cracking of the skin
between the toes,
Athlete's foot
86
causes an itchy, burning
| rash in the groin region.
Jock itch
87
a parasitic infection of the
skin caused by the infestation of mites.
It causes small red bumps on the skin
that itch severely.
Scabies
88
```
a common skin disease
characterized by the overgrowth of
skin cells and improper keratinization
of the epidermis and nails. It is a
hereditary autoimmune disorder.
```
Psoriasis
89
```
is characterized by
inflammation of the skin and may also
show symptoms of redness, swelling,
oozing, crusting, scaling. pimples or
vesicles and itching.
```
Dermatitis
90
inflammation of the skin caused by direct
contact with a substance like skin irritant
or something that causes an allergy
reaction
Contact dermatitis
91
allergic reaction that causes an
| infection
```
Atopic dermatitis (atopic
eczema)
```
92
```
also known as
pressure ulcers or bedsores. They are
areas of necrotic or ulcerated tissue
caused by the pressure of a bony
prominence in the body and another
surface
```
Decubitus ulcers
93
also known as urticaria, is a
skin reaction that can be caused by
insect bites.
Hives
94
involves the
accumulation of excess connective
tissue in the skin and various organs.
Scledorma
95
Inflammation of sebaceous
glans caused by oil,, excess cells, and bacteria found on the
skin.
Acne
96
Baldness or excessive loss of
| hair.
Alopecia
97
Damage to tissues caused by
heat, chemicals, sunlight,
radiation or electricity.
burns
98
```
An infection of the skin's
dermis or hypodermis, which is
frequently caused by
Streptococcus or
Staphylococcus bacteria.
```
Cellulitis
99
Inflammation of the skin.
Decubitus
| ulcers
100
Viral infections of the skin,
including the oral and genital
areas.
Herpes
101
```
A reaction of the skin that can
be caused by insect bites or by
contact with substances that
cause an allergic reaction, such
as certain foods or drugs
```
Hives
102
is very fine and colorless, forms on fetus
lanugo hair
103
also colorless, very fine, replace lanugo hair around the time of birth
vellus hair
104
thick, coarse, and heavily pigmented, forms eyebrows, eyelash and hair on the scalp
terminal hair
105
growing hair
anagen
106
detaching hair
catagen
107
resting hair
telogen
108
extension of telogen phase characterized by shedding of telogen hair
exogen
109
found under the skin
nail root
110
visible part of the nail
nail plate
111
nail plate extends out of skin
free edge
112
nail plate on the surface of the skin
nail body
113
where the nail lies
nail bed
114
rise or bump of the skin over nail's lateral edge
nail fold
115
where nail fits into
nail groove
116
proximal edge of the nail body, is composed of stratum corneum cells extending onto the nail bed
cuticle or eponychium
117
responsible for nail growth
nail matrix
118
white crescent, nail matrix is thick enough to hide the blood vessels of the dermis deep to it
lunula or lunule
