The basics part 2

Question 1

The study of how the body functions

Answer 1

Physiology

Question 2

The branch of biology that deals with the
normal functions of living organisms and their
parts.

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

Think of it as a series of ranges, of blood
pressure, temperature, blood oxygen levels,
and blood calcium levels that the body must
maintain for functioning.

Answer 3

Homeostasis

Question 4

If these levels move outside the given range
the body will attempt to bring it back to
optimal range.

Answer 4

Homeostasis

Question 5

the process that reverses the

direction movement away from homeostasis.

Answer 5

Negative Feedback

Question 6

the process that the
body uses to increase movement away from
homeostasis.

Answer 6

Positive Feedback

Question 7

Chemical for contraction

Answer 7

prostaglandins

Question 8

is a cycle of
events in which the status of a body condition is
monitored, evaluated, changed, re-monitored,
reevaluated, and so on.

Answer 8

Feedback system or feedback loop

Question 9

is a body structure that monitors
changes in a controlled condition and sends
input to a control center. This pathway is
called an afferent pathway, since the
information flows toward the control center.

Answer 9

Receptor

Question 10

in the body, for example, the
brain, sets the narrow range or set point within
which a controlled condition should be
maintained, evaluates the input it receives
from receptors, and generates output
commands when they are needed. Output from
the control center typically occurs as nerve
impulses, or hormones or other chemical signals. This pathway is called an efferent
pathway, since the information flows away
from the control center.

Answer 10

Control center

Question 11

is a body structure that receives
output from the control center and produces a
response or effect that changes the controlled
condition.

Answer 11

Effector

Question 12

The study of disease

Answer 12

Pathology

Question 13

Abnormally functioning organs or systems

Answer 13

Disease

Question 14

having onset, severe symptoms, and a

short duration

Answer 14

acute

Question 15

having slow progression or duration.

Answer 15

chronic

Question 16

are risk factors or activities
that people participate in that play a large role in a
person’s overall health status.

Answer 16

Predisposing factors

Question 17

Predisposing factors

Answer 17

Age, gender, lifestyle, environment and heredity

Question 18

are diseases caused by

microorganisms.

Answer 18

Infections

Question 19

are those present at

birth.

Answer 19

Congenital disorders

Question 20

are diseases caused by
inherited genes, which are passed to
children by their parents.

Answer 20

Genetic disorders

Question 21

• is a
  genetic disorder that causes high
  cholesterol and increased fat levels in the
  blood.

Answer 21

Familial combined hyperlipidemia

Question 22

are caused by
an event that may occur while the child is
developing in the womb, at birth, or after
the child is born.

Answer 22

Developmental disorders

Question 23

The damage to the brain may have occurred

Answer 23

prenatally (before birth), perinatally (during birth), or postnatally (after birth)

Question 24

is a combination of the genetic

material from both parents

Answer 24

Heredity

Question 25

can be measured, (objective signals)

Answer 25

Signs

Question 26

relative to the patient that indicates something is wrong. (Non - measurable) (subjective signals)

Answer 26

Symptoms

Question 27

the body’s response to injury and disease • Body’s response to invasion • Redness, heat swelling, pain are indicators.

Answer 27

Inflammation

Question 28

symptom of physical suffering or distress clue to illness • Serves as a defense mechanism to warn the body.

Answer 28

Pain

Question 29

caused by the pathogens | which are a disease-causing agent

Answer 29

Infectious Disease

Question 30

Caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses

Answer 30

Infectious Disease

Question 31

contagious and | infectious disease

Answer 31

Communicable Disease

Question 32

are infectious diseases that are caused by pathogens but are not contagious

Answer 32

Non-Communicable Disease

Question 33

can be classified as cancers, immune disorders, genetic disorders, mental disorders, or conditions caused by trauma or injury.

Answer 33

Noninfectious diseases

Question 34

disease characterized by | uncontrollable cell growth and proliferation.

Answer 34

Cancers

Question 35

results from the inability | of the immune system to defend itself.

Answer 35

Immune Disorders

Question 36

involve and overreaction of the immune system to an allergen

Answer 36

Hypersensitivities/Allergies

Question 37

disease that causes inability of the body’s immune system to effectively protect and defend itself.

Answer 37

Immunodeficiency disorders

Question 38

Deficiency of the immune system to defend | the body

Answer 38

Immunodeficiency disorders

Question 39

inability to distinguish between its own tissue and foreign tissue or cells.

Answer 39

Autoimmune Disorders

Question 40

disease said to be abnormalities caused by changes in genetic material,

Answer 40

Genetic Disorders

Question 41

disorders associated | with behavior or psychological well-being.

Answer 41

Mental Disorders

Question 42

a wound or shock produced | by an injury

Answer 42

Trauma/ Injury

Question 43

any stage of disease | process. Makes patient more comfortable. During terminal stages it is the only option

Answer 43

Palliative Treatment

Question 44

regimen designed to cure | patients

Answer 44

Curative treatment

Question 45

Long-term care plan designed to restore a patient’s normal body function.

Answer 45

Therapeutic Treatment

Question 46

a step can be taken to | prevent a disease from happening.

Answer 46

Preventive Treatment

Question 47

is the study of disease

Answer 47

Pathology

Question 48

is the disruption of the body’s homeostatic environment as a result of abnormally functioning organs and organ systems.

Answer 48

Disease

Question 49

objective and can be measured.

Answer 49

Signs

Question 50

subjective and cannot be | measured.

Answer 50

Symptoms

Question 51

is the physical suffering or distress due to injury or illness that serves as a protective mechanism to alert a person that something may be wrong.

Answer 51

Pain

Question 52

is the body’s immunes | response to injury and disease

Answer 52

Inflammation

Question 53

are those caused by pathogens and can be further classified into communicable and noncommunicable disease.

Answer 53

Infectious disease

Question 54

– are not caused by pathogens and can be classified as cancer, immune disorder, genetic disorder, mental disorder, or conditions caused by trauma or injury.

Answer 54

Noninfectious disease

Question 55

is the process of determining by examination the nature and circumstances of a diseased condition, involving a step-by-step process that includes collecting a patient history, performing an examination, and utilizing diagnostic screening tools and tests.

Answer 55

Diagnosis

Question 56

is used at any stage of the disease process. The goal of this type of treatment is to make a patient more comfortable and improve his or her quality of life.

Answer 56

Palliative treatment

Question 57

is the treatment regimen | designed to were the patient of the disease.

Answer 57

Curative treatment

Question 58

is the study of hoe disease affects the overall health and well-being of a population, taking into account the incidence and prevalence of disease in an effort to predict the impact of that disease on the population.

Answer 58

Epidemiology

Question 59

having rapid onset, severe symptoms.

Answer 59

Acute

Question 60

having slow progression and long | duration.

Answer 60

Chronic

Question 61

are diseases caused by | microorganisms.

Answer 61

Infections

Question 62

is responsible for helping | fight disease throughout a person’s lifetime.

Answer 62

Immune system

Question 63

are those present at | birth.

Answer 63

Congenital disorders

Question 64

are diseases caused by inherited genes, which are passed to children by their parents.

Answer 64

Genetic disorder

Question 65

before birth.

Answer 65

Prenatally

Question 66

during birth.

Answer 66

Perinatally

Question 67

after birth.

Answer 67

Postnatally

Question 68

a genetic disorder that causes high cholesterol and increased fat levels in the blood.

Answer 68

Familial combined hyperlipidemia

Question 69

a feeling of general discomfort or | uneasiness.

Answer 69

Malaise

Question 70

are a class of disease characterized by uncontrollable cell growth and proliferation.

Answer 70

Cancers

Question 71

an agent capable of causing a | mutation

Answer 71

Mutagen

Question 72

condition of the mind and include disorders associated with behavior or psychological well-being.

Answer 72

Mental disorders

Question 73

defined as would or shock produced | by an injury.

Answer 73

Trauma

Question 74

Patient history Screening, determining Laboratory examinations comparing results from normal diagnosis

Answer 74

Diagnosis

Question 75

help the physicians determine the appropriate diagnosis for a patient.

Answer 75

Diagnostic test and screenings

Question 76

involves the removal of a piece of tissue or a sample from the body so it can be examined in the laboratory.

Answer 76

Biopsy

Question 77

the removal of a piece of tissue or sample of cells from a body so that it can be analyzed in the laboratory

Answer 77

Skin Biopsy

Question 78

the taking of scrapings of skin cells so that the cells can be viewed under a microscope.

Answer 78

Skin Scraping

Question 79

the use of a black light to view | pigment changes in the skin.

Answer 79

Wood’s light

Question 80

number of new cases of | a particular disease in the population.

Answer 80

Incidence of disease

Question 81

the total number of | cases of a disease in a population.

Answer 81

Prevalence of disease