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VCE VET Allied Health Flashcards © > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

(39 cards)

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1
Q

Name the 5 components of the integumentary system

A

Skin, hair, nails, glands, ducts

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the integumentary system?

A

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous/hypodermis (technically not part of skin)

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3
Q

What is B and describe its structure

A

Epidermis
- Most superficial layer of skin, contains melanocytes (synthesise melanin> pigment that gives skin colour and protection from UV), and keratinocytes (synthesise keratin for waterproof skin). No blood vessels, nerves or hair

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4
Q

What is C and describe its structure

Doherty, 2010 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Structure_of_mammalian_skin_and_the_layers_typically_present_in_parchment.png. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Dermis
- 2nd most superficial layer of skin, contains collagen, connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands and ducts, sebaceous (oil) glands, hair, arrector pili muscles

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5
Q

What is F?

Doherty, 2010 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Structure_of_mammalian_skin_and_the_layers_typically_present_in_parchment.png. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Artery

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6
Q

What is G?

Doherty, 2010 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Structure_of_mammalian_skin_and_the_layers_typically_present_in_parchment.png. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Vein

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7
Q

Where is the papillary layer?

A

Dermis

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8
Q

What is D and what is its structure and function?

Doherty, 2010 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Structure_of_mammalian_skin_and_the_layers_typically_present_in_parchment.png. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Subcutaneous layer/hypodermis (technically not part of skin)
- S = comprised of adipose (fat) tissue, areolar (collagen) tissues
- F = insulation, energy store and shock absorber

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9
Q

Describe 1st degree burns

A

Only damage epidermis, dry skin, can be tender to severely painful

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10
Q

Describe 2nd degree burns

A

Damage epidermis and dermis, moist skin because sweat glands in dermis become damaged, severe to extreme pain involve because dermis contains nerve endings

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11
Q

Describe 3rd degree burns

A

Damage epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, dry skin because sweat glands in dermis are destroyed, muscle and bone may be visible, little to no pain because nerve endings in dermis are already destroyed

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12
Q

Describe the structure of hair

A

Keratin filaments with a root and shaft, attached to an arrector pili muscle

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13
Q

What is J?

Doherty, 2010 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Structure_of_mammalian_skin_and_the_layers_typically_present_in_parchment.png. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Hair shaft

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14
Q

What is I?

Doherty, 2010 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Structure_of_mammalian_skin_and_the_layers_typically_present_in_parchment.png. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
A

Arrector pili muscle

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15
Q

Describe the 3 functions of hair

A
  • Thermoregulation: Piloerection/relaxing of hairs due to arrector pili muscles- erect/relaxed hairs trap/don’t trap air to prevent/encourage heat loss by radiation > bring temp back to WNL
  • Protection: against sunburn (eg hair on head), debris (eyelashes), pathogens (nostril hair)
  • Provide sensory info: vestibular system in inner ear detects head movements
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16
Q

Describe the structure of nails

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A

Hard protective keratin plates consisting of the eponychium (cuticle), hyponychium (below cuticle), perionychium (around cuticles)

17
Q

Describe the function of nails

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A

To help prevent skin of fingers or toes from getting cut/scraped during daily activities, and to enhance sensation and precision of movements

18
Q

What is E and what is its function?

Doherty, 2010 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Structure_of_mammalian_skin_and_the_layers_typically_present_in_parchment.png. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
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A

Sudoriferous/sweat gland (eccrine)
- To excrete sweat, containing salt and water

19
Q

Compare apocrine vs eccrine glands

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A
  • Eccrine: open to skin, smaller, more numerous, thermoregulation
  • Apocrine: open to hair, larger, less numerous, acted upon by bacteria > produce odour
20
Q

What is H and what is its function?

Doherty, 2010 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Structure_of_mammalian_skin_and_the_layers_typically_present_in_parchment.png. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
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A

Sebaceous gland (attaches to hair)
Excretes sebum which:
- Keeps hair follicles soft and pliable
- Has bactericidal + fungicidal properties, preventing infection
- Lubricates skin to prevent evaporation of water which can lead to dryness and cracking

21
Q

Locations of sebaceous glands

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A

Scalp, face, groin, armpit (not on palms and soles)

22
Q

Duct vs pore

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A

Ducts are pathways for sebum/sweat whereas pores are openings to the skin

23
Q

What is A?

Doherty, 2010 – retrieved and adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Structure_of_mammalian_skin_and_the_layers_typically_present_in_parchment.png. This work is openly licensed by CC BY-SA 4.0.
24
Q

Acronym for function of integumentary system

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A

PASTED - protection, absorption, sensation, thermoregulation, excretion, vitamin D

25
Main function of integumentary system
Protection - intact skin barrier prevents entry of pathogens/chemicals/UV light etc from external environment, preventing disease
26
Describe how the integumentary system helps with absorption
Helps with absorption of drugs (eg HRT and nicotine patches) and toxic chemicals e.g. Mercury since they shouldn't go directly into the bloodstream
27
Describe how the integumentary system helps with sensation
Nerve endings in dermis act as sensory receptors: - Mechanoreceptors: detect touch and pressure - Thermoreceptors: detect temperature - Nociceptors: detect pain
28
Describe 3 ways in which the integumentary system helps with thermoregulation
- Vasodilation/constriction: blood vessels widen/narrow to increase/decrease blood flow TO SKIN to increase/decrease heat loss by radiation - Excretion of sweat: evaporation helps to increase heat loss by evaporation - Piloerection/relaxing of hairs due to arrector pili muscles: erect/relaxed hairs trap/don't trap air to prevent/encourage heat loss by radiation All 3 help increase/decrease body temperature back to WNL
29
Describe how the integumentary system helps with excretion
- main waste products = sebum (oil) and sweat (salt and water) - oil = excreted by sebaceous glands - sweat = excreted by sudoriferous glands
30
Explain how the integumentary system helps with the formation of vitamin D
- Skin exposed to UV light which initiates formation of vit D - This helps with producing calcium for strong bones etc
31
5 ways to maintain a healthy integumentary system
1. Appropriate hygiene e.g. washing hands regularly to remove potential pathogens from skin 2. Eat a well-balanced diet e.g. water helps maintain skin elasticity 3. Protect skin e.g. sunscreen to decrease damage to epidermis 4. Moisturise skin to maintain skin integrity/prevent dryness and cracking 5. Regularly examine skin so any abnormalities are detected earlier = greater chance of successful treatment
32
Dermat/o Seb/o
Skin Sebum (oil)
33
Cutane/o Pil/o
Skin Hair
34
Derm/o Trich/o
Skin Hair
35
Hidr/o Therm/o
Sweat Heat
36
Ungu/o Onych/o
Nail
37
Diaphor/o Melan/o
Sweat Black
38
Dermatology
Study of skin and diseases of the skin
39
Onycholysis
Loosening/separation of a nail from the nail bed

VCE VET Allied Health Flashcards © (25 decks)

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