Integumentary System Flashcards by Sanela Zlatarevic

Integumentary System

hair, skin, nails, and glands

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Organ

two or more tissues that share the same specialized function

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Epidermis

avascular (no blood vessels), made up of stratified Squamous, upper layer of skin

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Epidermis layers

Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale

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Merkel Cells

touch receptors (heat, cold, itch, tickle)

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Hypodermis or Subcutaneous

connects skin to muscle (areolar + adipose), what makes up skin

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Dermis

connective tissue, collagen and elastic fibers, nerves, and blood vessels, touch receptors

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Kertinocytes

majority of skin cells, fills with keratin, found in any layer of the skin

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Stratum Lucidum

soles and palms

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Stratum Granulosum

will find lamellar granules

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Lamellar Granules

help keep moisture in

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Stratum Spinosum

Will find langerhan cells

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Langerhan Cells

protect the melanocytes from uv rays, and protects immune system

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Stratum Basale

only layer where cell division occurs, have melanocytes, where cytocrine secretion occcurs

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Apoptosis

cell death: lose nuclei, flatten and die

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Moles (Nevus)

Benign overgrowth of melanin

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ABC’s of moles

A - assymetry: both sides of mole are different
B - border: borders are uneven
C - color: black, blue, red, brown with center white
D - diameter: 6mm
E - evolution

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Albanism

genetic condition, have melanocytes but the melanin gene is shut off

Vitaligo

autoimmune disease, destroys melanocytes

Dermis Papillae

thick layer at the bottom of the epidermis

Dermis’ 2 layers

papillary layer, reticular layer

Intradermal

administrated directly into dermis, absorbed slowly
ex: botox, allergy, TB test

Subcutaneous

absorbed slowly
ex: insulin

Intramuscular

vaccines, antibiotics, absorbed quickly
ex: tetnis

Intravenous

most quickest ex: chemo, antiobiotics, saline

Nails

made up of epidermal cells, protects fingers and toes

Nail Matrix

where cell division occurs, if damaged nail will not grow back

Pale Nails

indicates anemia, heart/kidney disease

White Nails

liver issues (hepatitis)

Yellow Nails

fungal Infection

Blue Nails

lack of oxygen (cardio issue, lung issue)

Rippled Nails

early onset arthritis or psoriasis

Cracked or Split Nails

indicates thyroid disease

Black Brown Streak

melanoma

White Spots

injury, results of stress

Biotin

vitamin to make nails strong foods: banana, eggs, nuts

Alopecia

autoimmune disease, attacks the hair follicle, patches of hair loss

Baldness

genetic condition, inherited via x chromosome, hair follicle made unproductive/falls out

Ceruminous Gland

produces ear wax

Sebaceous Gland

coats the hair to prevent drying, prevents bacterial infections, secretes sebum (tryglercerides, proteins, and cholesterol) found in the dermis

Eccrine Sweat Gland

seen in palms and soles of feet, regulate of body heat, becomes active at birth

Apocrine Sweat Gland

found in armpit, facial area, and groin. activated by stress, will secrete upon sexual activity, start working at puberty

Pinkish colored skin

too much hemoglobin

Orange tint skin

when eating beets, carrots or other colored foods