Intergroup relations & prejudice

Question 1

Devines 2 step model of stereotyping processing

Answer 1

1. High prejudice

2. Low prejudice

Question 2

High prejudice

Answer 2

Stereotype activated –> persons belief matches stereotypes & BIAS OCCURS

Question 3

Low prejudice

Answer 3

Stereotype activated–> persons belief does not match stereotype=resources are available, bias DOES NOT occur

Question 4

Doctors & Preventative Measures (Green, 2007) Results

Answer 4

Doctors with higher implicit bias against blacks were less likely to suggest preventative procedure for black patient compared to white patient

Question 5

Stereotyping Maintenance

Answer 5

• Out-group homogeneity
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• Sub-typing
• Hypotheses-testing search
• Threat & Competition

Question 6

Stereotyping Maintenance: Out-group homogeneity

Answer 6

Belief that out group are all the same

Question 7

Stereotyping Maintenance: Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 7

1. Stereotype
2. Act to confirm stereotype
3. Stereotype confirmed

Question 8

Stereotyping Maintenance: Sub-typing

Answer 8

The “exception” from the outgroup

Question 9

Stereotyping Maintenance: Hypotheses-testing search

Answer 9

• Have hypotheses (stereotype), & confirm by what they search for.

Question 10

Social Categorization

Answer 10

• classifications of ppl into groups based on common atributes

Question 11

In groups

Answer 11

groups we identify with

Question 12

out groups

Answer 12

groups other than our own

Question 13

Social Dominance

Answer 13

desire to see in group as dominant

Question 14

Stereotype Maintenance: Threat & Competition

Answer 14

Increase stereotype endorcement

Question 15

Social Identity Theory (Taijfel; Turner. 1979)

Answer 15

1. Social Identity, Self concept & Self esteem (define ourselves in terms of group membership)
2. Need for positive distinctiveness
3. We seek group distinctiveness

Question 16

Minimal group experiment results

Answer 16

• ppl gave more $ to unidentified group members, often at the cost of maximizing absolute gains to the in-group.

Question 17

Common in group identity model:

Answer 17

• To the extent that members of diff groups can conceive as a part of a whole group relationships will be improved. (e.g: positive attitudes, empathy, helping, cooperation, self-disclosure)

1. Common Identity (we)
2. Two groups in one ( us & them)
3. Separate groups (us vs them)

Question 18

Manchester united fans results

Answer 18

more likely to help a person wearing a manchester united shirt.

Question 19

Soccer fans results

Answer 19

Equally helped soccer fans, but not ordinary person.

Question 20

Context is dependent on “we”: Results in David & Turner (1999)

Answer 20

When jst women modern feminust moved away from the radical pro-fem group

Question 21

Aversive Racism in Gaertner & davido (1986)

Answer 21

• When vicitim was alone= recieved help, even more help than white ppl received.
• When others are present = less help

Question 22

Aversive Racism Results in Dovido (2000)

Answer 22

• Really strong or really weak qualification = no discrimination
• Ambiguous qualifications= blacks hired less

Question 23

Microagressions

Answer 23

Exploration of the impact of subtle racial/ethnic expressions of prejudice
• Small every day subtle forms of prejudice (e.g: where you from?)

Question 24

Aversive Racism

Answer 24

• Clear norms= non prejudice behavior

* Unclear norms= anxiety, prejudice behavior

Question 25

Stereotype threat

Answer 25

If one wants to do good, the threat of being judged is effecting their performance

Question 26

Steele & Aronson (1995); Stereotype Threat

Answer 26

* Results: when labeled as problem solving: did same * when labeled as an iq test: blacks did worst bc of the stereotype that blacks do poorer on iq test * gender differences in math exam: women's score drop * no gender differences: about the same scores

Question 27

Theory for intergroup contact; contact hypotheses

Answer 27

• positive contact can reduce intergroup prejudice

Question 28

How does positive contact work to reduce intergroup prejudice?

Answer 28

(a) reducing anxiety associated with outgroup | (b) reducing stereotype views of ourgroup

Question 29

Contact can take place in 1 or 2 forms in intergroup relationships

Answer 29

* Interventions: in a structured environment | * Interpersonal: contact that occurs in daily interactions btwn ppl.

Question 30

Majority group members in contact in intergroup relations

Answer 30

Desire to speak of what they have in common

Question 31

Minority group members in contact in intergroup relations

Answer 31

desire to speak of what they have in common & desire to speak of inequality

Question 32

Stereotype inoculation (prevention) model: Dasgupta (2011)

Answer 32

* Contact with successful in group experts & peers can function as a social vaccine that inoculates individuals from stereotype threat effects * Necessary criteria: contact beneficial when there is a sense of connection/identification with the ingroup expert * Results: positive attitudes towards achievements in domain, greater id with domain, increase self-efficacy (desire to produce desired result)

Question 33

System justification theory

Answer 33

• ppl motivated to defend & justify existing social, political & economic conditions

Question 34

Stereotype content model

Answer 34

1. Competence 2. Warmth (e. g: elderly - high in warmth & low in competence

Question 35

superordinate goal

Answer 35

shared goal that can only be with cooperation among individuals or groups

Question 36

Realistic conflict theory

Answer 36

theory that hostility btwn groups is caused by competition for limited resources

Question 37

Relative deprivation

Answer 37

Comparing yourself & believing you are worst off

Question 38

Ingroup favortism

Answer 38

• discrimination in favor of in group

Question 39

Illusionary correlation

Answer 39

• overestimating the extent to which variables are slightly correlated or not correlated at all

Question 40

Jigsaw classroom

Answer 40

• learning method used to reduce intergroup prejuce in the classroom 1. each group gets subtopic 2. all come together & teach material 3. everybody is needed to succeed= no prejudice