Romantic Relationships

Question 1

Physical Attraction

Answer 1

High arousal, passion & sex.

Question 2

Love

Answer 2

Includes emotional intimacy, affection & fulfillment of psychological needs.

Question 3

What are the three types of attachments?

Answer 3

1. Secure
2. Avoidant
3. Anxious Ambivalent

Question 4

Attatchment

Answer 4

The process of becoming emotionally attached to a romantic partner.

Question 5

What is secure attachment?

Answer 5

Feel comfortable getting close to and depending on others.

Question 6

What is avoidant?

Answer 6

Feel uncomfortable getting close to or depending on others.

Question 7

What is anxious ambivalent?

Answer 7

Strong desire to get close to others, but a strong fear of abandonment & rejection.

Question 8

Development of Early Adult Romantic Relationships

Answer 8

Early experiences in family of origin affect the way people approach & understand relationships.

Question 9

What are the 3 premises on Development of Early Adult Romantic Relationships?

Answer 9

1. People develop models from observing family (e.g: model for what a romantic relationship is supposed to be)
2. People develop habits from interacting with family of origin (e.g: communication style)
3. Family experiences can facilitate or constrain effective relationship processes.

Question 10

Matching principle

Answer 10

Tendency for people to get into relationship w/ those of similar attractiveness.

Question 11

Hard to get effect

Answer 11

Tendency to prefer people who are highly selective in their social choice over those who are readily available

Question 12

Proximity

Answer 12

Geographic nearness or functional distance is associated with increased liking

Question 13

Miscommunication & Flirting (henningsen, 2014)

Answer 13

• Results: Men more likely to attribute any form of flirting as sexually motivated.
• Women more likely to attribute flirting to a desire to advance the relationship or have fun.

Question 14

What are some irrational relationship beliefs?

Answer 14

• Partners can’t change
• Any disagreement is destructive
• Partners should be able to read mind
• Sexual perfection for every sexual experience

Question 15

Romantic fantasies & women’s interest in power (Rudman & Heppen, 2003)

Answer 15

• Results: Implicit endorsement of normative romantic fantasies was associated w/ lower levels of interest in personal power.
• No relationship was found for men.

Question 16

Rejection expectancies & self-fulfilling prophecy (Downey, 1998)

Answer 16

• Those with significant rejection expectancies were more likely to elicit rejection from their dating partners.

Question 17

Level match

Answer 17

• to the degree that your partner matches the precise “amounts” you would like of him or her on certain characteristics.
• e.g: on a scale of 1 - 10 on humor your match should have an 8

Question 18

Pattern match

Answer 18

• How a partner matches on the relative importance of certain characteristics in relation to other characteristics – regardless of precise amounts.
• e.g: wants a 9=honesty & 7=humor, person is 7=honesty, 5=humor.

Question 19

Level Match Vs. Pattern Match Study

Answer 19

• Couples that focused on pattern match were 3x less likely to get divorced compared to those focused on level match.

Question 20

Four “horsemen of the apocalypse”

Answer 20

1. Criticism
2. Contempt
3. Defensiveness
4. Stonewalling

Question 21

Negotiation

Answer 21

• A process by which 2 parties communicate with each other in order to reach an outcome on which they mutually agree.
• All 4 profiles of dealing w/ conflict are usually in different situations.

Question 22

What are some negotiation styles?

Answer 22

• competing
• avoiding
• collaborating
• Accommodating

Question 23

Four “horsemen of the apocalypse” – Critisism

Answer 23

Attacking partners personality/character (e.g: you always.. you never)

Question 24

Four “horsemen of the apocalypse” – Contempt

Answer 24

Attacking your partners sense of self with the intention to insult or abuse him or her. Name calling, hostile humor, sarcasm.

Question 25

Four "horsemen of the apocalypse" – Defensiveness

Answer 25

Seeing self as victim, warding off attack, making excuses (it's not my fault), cross complaining,yes-butting.

Question 26

Four "horsemen of the apocalypse" – Stonewalling

Answer 26

Withdrawing from relationship to avoid argument (silence, disconnection, distance)

Question 27

Negotiation – Competing

Answer 27

• Results-oriented, focused on the bottom line

Question 28

Negotiation – Avoiding

Answer 28

* Passive * Prefer to avoid conflict * make attempts to withdrawal from the situation

Question 29

Negotiation – Collaborating

Answer 29

* Use open & honest communication | * Focused on finding solution that mutually satisfies BOTH parties

Question 30

Negotiation – Accomodating

Answer 30

* Focused on maintaining relationship w/ other party * Smooth over conflict * Most concerned w/ satisfying needs of other party.

Question 31

Factors that improve negotiation (getting to a solution)

Answer 31

1. Search for clarity – what does the other person exactly want? Don't assume. 2. Show patience 3. Avoid the presumption of evil or ill-will – if you assume the worst, you will act the worst. 4. Break down bigger issues into smaller ones – try to keep breaking the problem down to get to a smaller solution. 5. (Sometimes) focus on the problem, rather than solution – allows for common solution (worked on together) 6. Admit error & apologize

Question 32

Improving communication

Answer 32

1. Try not to focus on who's right & who's wrong 2. Sometimes need to "agree to disagree" or not say everything you want to – lose the battle, win the war. 3. Don't rub your partners nose in a misstep or mistake – try not to look at it as who is winning. Theoretically you are a team. 4. Try to have fights in private. (w/ kids=reduces modeling, w/ friends around can instigate situation) 5. Try to put angry emotions aside or come back to discussion later.

Question 33

General factors to improve relationship (gottman,2000)

Answer 33

1. Try to accentuate the positive, rather than eliminate the negative 2. Create mutually meaningful goals (similarity is a stronger predictor of relationship success than dissimilarity) 3. Improve communication during fights

Question 34

Excitation Transfer

Answer 34

residual excitation from one stimulus will amplify the excitatory response to another stimulus

Question 35

Attatchment style

Answer 35

The way a person typically interacts with significant others

Question 36

Triangular Theory of love

Answer 36

Proposes that there are 3 love basic components (1) Intimacy (2) Passion (3) Commitment

Question 37

Passionate love

Answer 37

High arousal, intense attraction, fear of rejection

Question 38

Compassionate love

Answer 38

Secure, trusting, stable partnership

Question 39

Need for affiliation

Answer 39

Desire to establish & maintain many rewarding interpersonal relationships

Question 40

Mere exposure effect

Answer 40

Phenomenon where the more often people are exposed to a stimuli the more positive the stimuli is evaluated.

Question 41

What-is-beautiful-is-good stereotype

Answer 41

Belief that attractive people also posses desirable personality characteristics

Question 42

Intimate relationship

Answer 42

Close relationship between 2 adults that involve emotional attachment, fulfillment of psychological needs or interdependence.

Question 43

Social exchange theory

Answer 43

Perspective that sees people as motivated to maximize benefits & minimize costs in their relationship w/ others

Question 44

Equity theory

Answer 44

Suggests that people are most satisfied in a relationship when the ratio between benefits & contributions is similar for both partners

Question 45

Exchange relationship

Answer 45

Benefits are given w/ the expectation of receiving a comparable benefit in the future or in return for a benefit already received.

Question 46

Communal relationship

Answer 46

Participants expect & desire mutual responsiveness to each others needs (regardless of benefits).