Internal Cranium

Question 1

what are the three large depressions in the internal cranial base?

Answer 1

anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa

Question 2

which is the most superior fossa made up of the ethmoid bone, the two frontal bones, and the body and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 2

anterior cranial fossa

Question 3

which fossa is made up of the sphenodial crests/anterior clinoid processes, body of sphenoid, the greater wings of the sphenoid bone, and the squamous and petrous parts of the temporal bone?

Answer 3

middle cranial fossa

Question 4

which cranial fossa is made up primarily of the occipital bone and in the midline and dorsum sellae and clivus parts of the temporal bone?

Answer 4

posterior cranial fossa

Question 5

where is the cribriform plate?

Answer 5

on the anterior fossa, pretty much mini formina on the ethmoid bone

Question 6

what passes through the cribriform plate?

Answer 6

olfactory nerve

Question 7

what are the names of the foramina on the middle fossa?

Answer 7

optic canals, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, foramen lacerum

Question 8

what goes through the optic canals?

Answer 8

optic nerves and ophthalmic arteries

Question 9

what passes through superior orbital fissure?

Answer 9

the ophthalmic veins, ophthalmic nerve, oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, and sympathetic fibers

Question 10

what passes through the foramen rotundum?

Answer 10

maxillary nerve

Question 11

what passes through the foramen ovale?

Answer 11

mandibular nerve, and accessory meningeal artery

Question 12

what passes through the foramen spinosum?

Answer 12

middle meningeal artery and vein, and the meningeal branch of CN V3

Question 13

what passes through the foramen lacerum?

Answer 13

the deep petrosal nerve and some meningeal arterial branches and small veins

Question 14

what passes over the foramen lacerum?

Answer 14

internal carotid artery

Question 15

what are the foramina of the posterior fossa?

Answer 15

internal acoustic meatus and foramen magnum

Question 16

what passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 16

fascia nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, and labyrinthine artery

Question 17

what passes through the foramen magnum?

Answer 17

the medulla and meninges, the vertebral arteries, branch of the spinal accessory nerve, dural veins, and the anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Question 18

what passes through the jugular foramen?

Answer 18

glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, branch of the spinal accessory nerve, superior bulb of the internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses, and the meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries

Question 19

what passes through the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 19

hypoglossal nerve

Question 20

what are cranial meninges?

Answer 20

membranous coverings of the brain that lie immediately internal to the cranium to protect the brain, form a supporting network for arteries, veins, and venous sinuses and enclose subarachnoid space

Question 21

what are the three meninges of the brain?

Answer 21

dura, arachnoid, pia mater

Question 22

what is dura mater?

Answer 22

the tough thick external fibrous layer

Question 23

what are the two layers of dura mater?

Answer 23

outer-periosteal and the inner-meningeal

Question 24

which dura mater layer adheres to the internal surface of the cranium?

Answer 24

periosteal

Question 25

which dura mater layer lies on the brain surface and at the foramen magnum becomes continuous with the spinal dura?

Answer 25

meningeal

Question 26

what are the dural folds that seperate the cranial vault and brain into compartments?

Answer 26

falx cerebral, tentorium cerebellum, falx cerebellar, seller diaphragm

Question 27

what are the dural sinuses lined with?

Answer 27

endothelium

Question 28

T/F sinuses are large vein like structures of the brain that receive blood from the deep veins of the brain

Answer 28

True

Question 29

what are the sinuses of the brain?

Answer 29

superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus

Question 30

what are the leptomeninges?

Answer 30

arachnoid and pia mater derived from a single embryonic layer

Question 31

what is the arachnoid mater?

Answer 31

it forms a lacy covering overlying the pia

Question 32

what are arachnoid granulations?

Answer 32

tufts of arachnoid that protrude through the meningeal layer of the dura. they transfer CSF to the venous blood

Question 33

what is pia mater?

Answer 33

adhered tightly to the brain within the cranial vault

Question 34

what are the 4 general sections of the brian?

Answer 34

cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum and the brainstem

Question 35

what is the most anterior lobe of the brain?

Answer 35

frontal

Question 36

what is the most posterior lobe of the brain?

Answer 36

occipital

Question 37

what is the most superolateral lobe of the brain?

Answer 37

parietal

Question 38

what is the most inferolateral lobe of the brain?

Answer 38

temporal

Question 39

all but which lobe have a pole associated with them?

Answer 39

the parietal lobes

Question 40

describe the cerbrum

Answer 40

aka the telencephalon. it consists of the large cerebral hemispheres and the deeper basal ganglia

Question 41

where is the diencephalon?

Answer 41

it is deep and in the middle of the brain and consists of the thalamus and the associated hypothalamus

Question 42

where is the cerebellum?

Answer 42

most posterior and inferior part of the brain

Question 43

the brainstem consists of?

Answer 43

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Question 44

what is included in the ventricular system?

Answer 44

lateral ventricle, midline 3rd and 4th ventricle and the cerebral aqueduct connecting the 3rd and 4th

Question 45

all ventricles contain what?

Answer 45

the choroid plexus

Question 46

what is the choroid plexus?

Answer 46

a modified pia structure covered with cuboidal epithelium which secretes the cerebrospinal fluid

Question 47

what does CSF protect and how?

Answer 47

the brain by providing a cushion for the brain from blows to the head

Question 48

where does the blood supply to the brain come from?

Answer 48

vertebral arteries and the internal carotid arteries

Question 49

the anterior circulation of the brain is supplied by what arteries?

Answer 49

the internal carotid arteries

Question 50

what do the internal carotid arteries continue as and where?

Answer 50

the middle cerebral arteries just medial to the anterior clinoid processes

Question 51

what are the two terminal branches of the internal carotid artery?

Answer 51

anterior cerebral arteries and middle cerebral arteries

Question 52

what do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 52

most of the medial and superior surfaces of the brain and the frontal pole

Question 53

what do the middle cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 53

the lateral surface of the brain and the temporal pole

Question 54

the posterior cerebral arteries are branches off what artery?

Answer 54

basilar

Question 55

what is the basilar artery formed by?

Answer 55

the union of the two vertebral arteries

Question 56

what do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

Answer 56

the inferior surface of the brain and the occipital pole

Question 57

what is the circle of willis

Answer 57

aka the arterial circle and it is an important anastomosis at the base of the brain

Question 58

what is the circle of willis composed of?

Answer 58

anterior communicating artery anterior cerebral arteries internal carotid arteries posterior communicating arteries posterior cerebral arteries

Question 59

T/F blood is drained through the cerebral and cerebellar veins which empty into the dural sinuses

Answer 59

true

Question 60

where do the internal jugular veins carry their blood?

Answer 60

down through the jugular foramen, down the carotid sheath, to merge with the subclavian vein.

Question 61

what is the path of veins starting from the internal jugular vein?

Answer 61

the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic veins to merge to form the superior vena cava to dump blood in the heart