Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathology II > Intro and Principles of Soft Tissue Diagnosis- Exam I > Flashcards

Intro and Principles of Soft Tissue Diagnosis- Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

The medical science and specialty practice, concerned with all aspects of disease, but with special reference to the essential nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural and functional changes that result from the disease process:

A

Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Probabilities from possibilities includes:
1. All possible lesions for a patient of:
2. All possible lesions from:
3. All possible lesions that:

A
  1. this age, sex, & race
  2. this anatomical location
  3. look this way
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Recognition requires thorough knowledge of ___ and ___. This is also known as:

A

Normal and the “range of normal”; WNL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Components of developing a differential diagnosis include:

A
  1. recognition
  2. description of lesion
  3. patient contribution
  4. possibilities
  5. probabilities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DDx:

A

Differential Diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When making a differential diagnosis, patient contributions include: (6)

A
  1. Age, gender, race
  2. Current medical conditions and meds
  3. Supplements
  4. Social hx
  5. Oral habits
  6. Past medical history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When you see a lesion that can only look a certain way- this is considered:

A

pathognomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

For diagnosing a soft tissue lesion, what should be considered?

A
  1. texture/consistency
  2. association with surrounding tissue (is it fixed vs. moveable) (is it displacing vs. devouring)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

For diagnosing a soft tissue lesion, anatomic location:

A

changes DDx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A white diagnostic possibility characterized by “surface debris”: (5)

A
  1. pseudomembranous candidiasis
  2. chemical burns
  3. thermal burns
  4. chemical sloughs (SLS)
  5. fibrous membranes- ulcers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A white diagnostic possibility characterized by “sub-epithelial lesions”: (4)

A
  1. congenital keratitis cysts
  2. scars
  3. fordyce granules
  4. oral lymphoepithelial cysts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A white diagnostic possibility characterized by “epithelial thickening”: (14)

A
  1. alveolar ridge keratosis
  2. contact mucositis- especially cinnamon
  3. familial epithelial hyperplasia (white sponge nevus)
  4. frictional keratosis
  5. hairy tongue
  6. hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis (HBID)
  7. leukoedema
  8. leukoplakia
  9. lichen planus
  10. linea alba
  11. morsicatio
  12. oral hairy leukoplakia
  13. skin grafts
  14. snuff dipper’s keratosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What could be noted with the following conditions?

  • Pseudomembraneous Candidiasis
  • Chemical Burns
  • Thermal Burns
  • Fibrous membranes
  • Chemical sloughs (SLS)
A

White surface debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What could be noted with the following conditions?

  • Congenital kertotic cysts
  • Scars
  • Fordyce granules
  • Oral lymphoepithelial cysts
A

White sub-epithelial lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What could be noted with the following conditions?

  • Linea alba
  • Leukoplakia
  • Leukoedema
  • Lichen planus
A

White epithelial thickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What should you be more concerned about white or red lesions?

A

Red lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What could be noted with the following conditions?

  • Alveolar ridge keratosis
  • Frictional keratosis
  • Snuff Dipper’s keratosis
  • Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis (HBID)
A

White epithelial thickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What could be noted with the following conditions?

  • Familial Epithelial hyperplasia (white sponge nevus)
  • Hairy tongue
  • Oral hairy leukoplakia
  • Contact mucositis- esp. cinnamon
  • Skin grafts
  • Morsicatio
A

White epithelial thickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When encountering a white lesion, what steps should be followed? (5)

A
  1. wipe first
  2. sources of friction
  3. chemicals
  4. heat
  5. alter environment and re-evaluate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the first step that should be taken when encountering a white lesion?

A

Wipe first!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

White lesions are mostly _____ lesions, but _____ matters

A

“low risk”; location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are some possible red diagnostic possibilities caused by trauma?

A
  1. physical/sexual
  2. chemical
  3. thermal
  4. radiation
  5. hematoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Can you feel a macule?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  • Hemangioma
  • Nevus Flameus
  • Kaposi Sarcoma

These are all considered:

A

vascular lesions (red)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
- Lichen planus - Mucous membrane pemphigoid - pemphigus vulgaris These are all considered:
Desquamative gingivitis
26
What steps should be taken/considered when encountering a red lesion?
1. diascopy 2. location 3. habits 4. trauma 5. medical history (coagulation)
27
What type of diagnostic possibilities are listed below? - Lichen planus - Erythema migrans - Nicotinic stomatitis - SCCa - Lichen mucositis
Red-white
28
What type of diagnostic possibilities are listed below? - contact allergy - drug reactions - GVHD - candidiasis variants
Red-white
29
What type of diagnostic possibilities are listed below? - discoid lupus erythmatosus - chronic ulcerative stomatitis - speckled leukoplakia - sick lip syndrome
Red-white
30
What is the hardest plaque to recognize clinically?
erythroplakia
31
When encountering a red/white lesion, what should be considered?
1. social history 2. tooth paste/ floss 3. mouthwash 4. candies, gums, mints, tic-tacs, lozenges 5. herbal supplements 6. changes in medications 7. oral habits
32
What is the "magic number" for a differential diagnosis?
3
33
When encountering a pigmented lesion, what should be considered?
1. number 2. size 3. onset 4. distribution 5. borders 6. location
34
What can present as a leukoplakia?
1. dysplasia's 2. hyperplastic candidiasis and more
35
When encountering an ulcer what should be considered?
1. number 2. size 3. onset 4. frequency/duration 5. location
36
Being able to describe the lesion allows you to:
include some lesions while excluding others
37
In describing the lesion, ___ will emerge
patterns
38
The basic components of describing a lesion:
1. size 2. shape 3. color 4. borders 5. texture 6. consistency 7. location
39
A small circumscribed elevated lesion usually less than 1cm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid:
vesicle
40
Diagnose the following image:
vesicle
41
Vesicles usually contain:
serous fluid
42
Describe the size of a vesicle:
less than 1 cm
43
Describe what is seen in the following image:
- multiple circumscribed elevated lesions - less than 1cm lesions - fluid filled = vesicle
44
Diagnose the following image:
Bulla
45
Bullas usually contain:
serous fluid
46
Circumscribed elevated lesion that is around 1cm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid
Bulla
47
What is the size of a bulla?
usually around 1cm
48
Describe the following image:
- circumscribed elevated lesion - about 1cm in diameter - fluid filled = bulla
49
Various sized circumscribed elevations containing pus:
Pustule
50
Diagnose the following image:
pustule
51
Describe the following image:
- various small circumscribed elevations - pus filled
52
An area that is usually distinguished by a color different form that of the surrounding tissue- it is flat and does not protrude above the surface of the normal tissue:
macule
53
Diagnose the following image:
macule
54
Describe the following image:
- flat area different in color from surrounding tissue
55
A small circumscribed lesion usually less than 1cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue:
papule
56
Diagnose the following image:
papule
57
Describe the following image:
- small circumscribed lesion - less than 1cm in diameter - elevated above surface/ protrudes
58
A circumscribed lesion usually greater than 1cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above or below the surface of normal surrounding tissue:
nodule
59
Diagnose the following image:
nodule
60
Describe what can be seen in the following image:
- circumscribed lesion greater than 1cm in diameter - elevated/protrudes avocet the surface
61
Attached vy a stem-like stalk or base:
pedunculated (remember this is an incomplete description alone)
62
Describe the attachment seen in this image:
pedunculated
63
Describing the base of lesion that is flat stem-like
sessile (remember this is an incomplete description alone)
64
Describe the attachment seen in this image:
sessile
65
A loss of continuity of the epithelium that penetrates to the underlying connective tissue:
ulcer
66
Diagnose the lesion in this image:
ulcer
67
Describe the lesion in this image:
- Loss of continuity of the epithelium - Penetrates to the underlying connective tissue
68
A patch or differentiated area on a body surface:
plaque
69
Diagnose this image:
plaque (left image = erythematous plaque) (right image= leukoplakia)
70
Describe the surface texture seen in this image:
Corrugated (wrinkled)
71
"wrinkled"
corrugated
72
A cleft of grove, normal otherwise, showing prominent depth:
fissure
73
Describe the surface texture seen in this image:
fissured
74
Resembling small nipple-shaped projections or elevations found in clusters:
papillary
75
Describe the surface texture seen in this image:
papillary
76
Surface texture may be described as: (6)
- smooth - rough - folded - corrugated - fissured - papillary
77
Describe the surface textures seen in this image:
smooth
78
Describe the surface textures seen in this image:
rough
79
Describe the surface textures seen in this image:
folded
80
Clinical presentation of radiographic lesions may be categorized as: (3)
1. radiolucent 2. mixed 3. radiopaque
81
Clinical presentation of mucosal and soft tissue lesions may be categorized as: (8)
1. colored 2. white 3. red 4. red/white 5. systemic hyperkeratosis- genodermatosis + syndromes 6. soft tissue masses 7. ulcers/vesiculo-erosive 8. papillary
82
Once you have a list of differential diagnosis, what might you do? (5)
1. alter environment 2. observe (not active neglect) 3. treat 4. biopsy 5. refer
83
All a differential diagnosis is:
an educated guess
84
What is the take home message of differential diagnosis?
recognition and action are the most important

Pathology II (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions