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Intro to Biochemistry Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

study of molecules of life or biomolecules and their reactions in living organisms

A

biochemistry

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2
Q

application of chemistry to the study of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level

A

biochemistry

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3
Q

biochemistry emerged as a distinct discipline around the beginning of 20th century when scientists combined with what discipline of science (3)

A

chemistry
physiology
biology

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4
Q

Studying the structure and behavior of complex molecules found in biological materials

A

biochemistry

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5
Q

three principal areas of biochemistry

A

structure and function of biological macromolecules
metabolism
molecular genetics

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6
Q

anabolic and catabolic processes

A

metabolism

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7
Q

the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones together with the storage of energy; constructive metabolism.

A

anabolism

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8
Q

the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.

A

catabolism

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9
Q

how life is replicated; regulation of protein synthesis

A

molecular genetics

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10
Q

In Biochemistry, we are interested in finding their (3)

A

properties
composition
transformation

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11
Q

attributes or characteristics that are used to describe biomolecules

A

properties

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12
Q

are values that depend on amount of biomolecule

A

extensive properties

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13
Q

example of extensive properties

A

weight
volume

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14
Q

magnitude of some properties do not depend on its amount

A

intensive properties

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15
Q

example of intensive properties

A

temperature
boiling point

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16
Q

properties that do not change the chemical structure of the biomolecule upon measurement

A

physical properties

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17
Q

example of physical properties

A

weight
temperature
volume

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18
Q

properties that change the chemical structure of biomolecule upon measurement

A

chemical properties

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19
Q

example of chemical properties

A

flammability
biodegradability

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20
Q

refers to the identity and amounts of the components of a biomolecule

A

composition

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21
Q

refers to the identity of components of biomolecule

A

Qualitative composition

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22
Q

example of description of qualitative composition

A

C, H, O, N, etc.

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23
Q

refers to the relative
amounts of a biomolecule
like:

A

quantitative composition

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24
Q

example of description of a quantitative composition

A

25% C
14% H

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25
refers to the changes that a biomolecule undergoes
transformation
26
refers to changes in physical states of the biomolecules
physical transformation
27
liquid to solid)
freezing
28
solid to liquid)
melting
29
liquid to gas)
vaporization
30
solid to gas)
sublimation
31
gas to solid)
deposition
32
gas to liquid
condensation
33
refers to the chemical reactions that biomolecules undergo in living organisms
chemical transformation
34
example of chemical transformation
oxidation reduction neutralization methylation
35
which of the following is not an application of biochemistry HIV testing ames test for cancer molecular cloning breast cancer screening genetic engineering carbon nanotubes
carbon nanotubes
36
who discovered polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which is actually being used today to sequence the SARS coronavirus-2 which causes the infamous COVID-19
Kary Mullis
37
which of the following is not an example of chemical transformation in biomolecules neutralization condensation oxidation metabolic reaction methylation reduction
condensation
38
the building blocks of proteins are known as what
amino acids
39
which of the following is not a main area of biochemistry? metamorphosis of biomolecules functions of biomolecules structure of biomolecules catabolic reactions anabolic processes molecular genetics
metamorphosis of biomolecules
40
what technique was used in the elucidation of ribosome structure
x-ray crystallography
41
what biomolecule is defined according to its solubility in non-polar organic solvents?
lipids
42
which of the following is not a carbohydrate mannose fructose sucrose cellulose glucose lactose globose
globose
43
the word 'Biochemistry' was first coined by whom
Carl Neuberg
44
the term macromolecules means ____ molecules
big
45
Friedrich Wohler was credited with the synthesis of which biomolecule in 1828 from inorganic materials
urea
46
what atom(s) serve(s) as the backbone for all biomolecules
carbon
47
which trio of scientists were able to prove that the DNA contains transmittable traits in living organisms
Avery, MacLeod, McCarty
48
what important discovery was attributed to James Watson and Francis Crick
double helical structure of DNA
49
which of the ff is not an application of biochemistry phenylketonuria screening pregnancy testing gene replacement therapy psychotherapy genetically-modified foods or crops pre-natal genetic testing
psychotherapy
50
smallest repeating unit of a nucleic acid is called a
nucleotide
51
the number of different kinds of amino acids found in proteins is ___
20
52
why is life defined by its chemistry? - all living things are made up of tiny components called cells - all living things ar made up of physical and non-physical components - all living things are made up of atoms reacting with each other in a finely tuned molecular dance - all living things are made upf various interacting forces of nature - all living things are made up of non-living components - all living things are made up of various microorganisms
c
53
what bonds connect nucleotides together
phosphodiester bond
54
produced by transferring desired genes
genetically modified food
55
test to detect the presence of HCG hormone
pregnancy testing
56
process of recombination of desired genes
genetic engineering
57
detect the phenylketonuria in newborns
phenylketonuria
58
a rare inherited disorder that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body
phenylketonuria
59
test to detect the ability of causing DNA mutations
ames test
60
macromolecules or “giant” molecules
biomolecules
61
They are “giant” because they are made of hundreds or even thousands of smaller molecules
biomolecules
62
made up biomolecules
monomers
63
four major biomolecules
carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acid
64
structurally composed of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones
carbohydrates
65
carbohydrates are made up of what
polyhydroxy aldehydes/ketones
66
composes some carbohydrates; single sugar unit
monosaccharides
67
example of monosaccharides
glucose mannose fructose
68
2 sugar units
disaccharides
69
3-10 sugar units
oligosaccharides
70
>10 sugar units
polysaccharides
71
example of dissacharides
lactose sucrose
72
example of polysaccharides
cellulose amylose
73
one molecule of glucose and one of galactose linked together
lactose
74
one molecule of glucose and one fructose molecule
sucrose
75
two units of glucose joined with an α-bond between the glucose units
maltose
76
defined by their solubility in organic solvents
lipids
77
Non-polar like benzene and hexane
lipids
78
example of lipids
triglycerides steroids phospolipids
79
composed of amino acids linked to each other by peptide bonds
protein
80
organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid groups
amino acids
81
biomolecules found in the nucleus of cells for the passing of characteristics from parents to offsprings
nucleic acids
82
Polymers of nucleotides linked to each other by phosphodiester bonds
nucleic aicds
83
example of nucleic acids
RNA and DNA
84
synthesized the biomolecule urea from inorganic starting materials proving that biomolecules can be created outside the living organism
friedrich wohler
85
made the discovery of the first enzyme called amylase
anselme payen
86
coined the word "enzymes"
Wilhelm Kuhne
87
demonstrated that a complex biochemical process such as alcoholic fermentation can happen outside a living cell
eduard buchner
88
first proposed the use of the word "biochemistry"
Carl Neuberg
89
showed that enyzmes are basically made up of proteins
James Sumner
90
performed the first amino acid sequencing of the protein insulin
Fred Sanger
91
discovered the double helical structure of the DNA molecule
James Watson and Francis Crick
92
elucidated the biochemical steps in krebs cycle
Hans Adolf Kreb
93
discovered the polymerase chain reaction
Kary Mullis
94
approved the first protease inhibitor; a major weapon against the progression of AIDS
Food and Drug Administration
95
when did the first complete sequence of all the chromosome of a eukaryote is reported
1997
96
elucidated the structure of the ribosome using x-tray crystallography
Ada Yonath
97
what happens in a living cell is unique to a living cell and can’t be duplicated elsewhere in the universe
vitalism
98
disproved vitalism using ordinary chemistry to make urea
Friedrich Wohler
98
its invention helped to understand cells
microscope
98
invented the first microscope and the first one to see single-celled organisms
anton van leeuwenhoek
99
what Leeuwenhoek called the organisms he saw in the microscope
animalcules
100
improved the microscope; discovered the cell basis of life
robert hooke
101
discovered a compound that he called “Nuclein
Friedrich Miescher
102
Augustan monk and interested in studying the inheritance of traits of peas
gregor mendel
103
wrote a book called “what is life” and he posted a question that the cell is not the most fundamental thing with respect to life
erwin schrodinger
104
Stated that molecules is the molecular basis of life
erwin shrodinger
105
in 1944, proved definitely that the genetic information passed within cells was DNA
Avery, McLeod, McCarty
106
states that DNA makes RNA makes protein
central dogma
107

Biochemistry (12 decks)

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