intro to concepts of pathology

Question 1

pathology definiton

Answer 1

the branch of medicine that investigates the essential nature, origin, and path of disease structural and functional changes produced by a disease

Question 2

pathologist

Answer 2

examines laboratory samples of body tissue for diagnostic or forensic purposes

Question 3

clinical pathology vs anatomical pathology

Answer 3

use of laboratory analysis of body fluid vs examination of tissue to diagnose and apply solutions to clinical problems

Question 4

pathogenesis

Answer 4

the development of unhealthy conditions or disease biologic mechanism

Question 5

germ theory

Answer 5

mid 1800s states many diseases are caused by microorganisms and environment and hereditary factors influence the severity of disease

Question 6

homeostasis

Answer 6

the body’s ability to maintain its internal environment in a constant state of equilibrium despite external influences.

Question 7

illness

Answer 7

the result of an imbalance in the body’s ability to regulate the internal environment.

Question 8

executive functions - intellectual disability

Answer 8

cortical functions involved in formulating goals and planning, initiating, monitoring, and maintaining behavior

Question 9

behavior - intellectual disability

Answer 9

not only overt motor behavior but also affective and social behavior

Question 10

information processing

Answer 10

speed with which information travels from one part of the brain to another ie. auditory or visual processing disorder

Question 11

memory deficits

Answer 11

: result from a failure to store or retrieve information ie. short term, long term

Question 12

health

Answer 12

more accurately viewed as a continuum on which wellness is on one end as the optimum level of function and illness so unfavorable as to result in death is on the other
is a dynamic process that varies with changes in interactions between an individual and his or her environment

Question 13

ilness vs disease

Answer 13

Illness is the perception and response of the person to not being well.
Disease is a biologic or psychologic alteration that results in a malfunction of a body organ or system. Usually describes a biomedical condition.

Question 14

acute illness/disease

Answer 14

Usually refers to an illness or disease that has a relatively rapid onset and short duration.
Not synonymous with “severe.”

Question 15

chronic illness/disease

Answer 15

Illnesses that include one or more of the following characteristics:
Permanent impairment or disability
Residual physical or cognitive disability
Need for special rehabilitation or long-term medical management

Question 16

disability

Answer 16

The ADA defines a person with a disability as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activity, a person who has a history or record of such an impairment, or a person who is perceived by others as having such an impairment

20% of the U.S. population or 61 million people currently live with a disability

Question 17

disability medical model

Answer 17

a consequence of a health condition caused by a trauma
disrupts the functioning of a person in a physiological or cognitive way

Question 18

disability functional model

Answer 18

caused by a physical medical or cognitive deficits
limits functioning or ability to perform activityies

Question 19

social model of disability

Answer 19

activites are limited not by the impairment or condition but by environemnt

Question 20

biomedical model

Answer 20

Mid-19th century
Explains disease as a result of malfunctioning organs or cells
Focuses on cause-and-effect relationships but does not take into account psychosocial components of disease
Predominant model used by physicians in diagnosing disease

Question 21

biopsychosocial model

Answer 21

Broad view that attributes disease outcomes to several factors
Biologic: genetic, biochemical
Psychological: mood, personality, behavior
Social: cultural, familial, socioeconomic

Complex interaction of attributes

Question 22

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)

Answer 22

Framework use by the World Health Organization (WHO) to classify and code information about health and provide standard language for functioning, disability, and health
ICF components include these:
Body functions and structures
Activities and participation
Environmental and personal factors

Question 23

ICF

Answer 23

It is a classification of health and health-related domains – domains that help us to describe changes in body function and structure, what a person with a health condition can do in a standard environment (their level of capacity), as well as what they actually do in their usual environment (their level of performance

Question 24

ICF classificarions

Answer 24

These domains are classified from body, individual and societal perspectives by means of:
body functions and structure
activity
participation

Question 25

icf body functions and structures defintion

Answer 25

are defined as physiologic or psychologic functions of body systems or parts

Question 26

disease prevention

Answer 26

Preventive medicine is categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary.
Primary prevention is intervening before health effects occur

Secondary prevention is screening to identify diseases

Tertiary prevention is managing disease post diagnosis