Intro to Innate Immunity

Question 1

__________ are also known as suicide enzymes

Answer 1

Granzymes

Question 2

What cell type creates the granzyme?

Answer 2

NK

Question 3

If the NK doesn’t receive the inhibitory signal, ______________, then it will commence cell death

Answer 3

MHC 1

Question 4

NK contain what 2 CD

Answer 4

16, 56

Question 5

NK primarily function in __________ infections

Answer 5

Intracellular

Question 6

Macrophages are activated by ______ and then they secrete __________ which activate NK cells

Answer 6

IFN-gamma, IL12

Question 7

Type 1 interferons directly inhibit ____________________________

Answer 7

Viral replication

Question 8

IFN-a is produced by __________ while IFN-b is produced by ___________. These make up Type ____ interferons

Answer 8

Leukocytes, firbroblasts, 1

Question 9

Type I interferons specifically inhibit viral protein synthesis

Answer 9

False, they inhibit all protein synthesis

Question 10

Chronic granulomatous disease is due to a deficiency in what enzyme

Answer 10

NADPH oxidase, this doesn’t allow ROS to be produced

Question 11

What type of infections are those with chronic granulomatous disease most affected by?

Answer 11

Catalase positive cells are not broken down (staphylococcus, klebsiella, serratia, aspergillus)

Question 12

What is the delayed or failed separation of umbilical cord called?

Answer 12

Omphalitis

Question 13

CGD shows what symptoms

Answer 13

Chronic inflammation such as (gingivitis, enlarged lymph nodes, tumor-like granuloma masses)

Question 14

What is chediak-higashi syndrome?

Answer 14

Autsomal recessive, cytoskeletal defect that doesn’t allow the phagosome and lysosome to fuse

Question 15

Opsonization enhances ____________ up to 4000 fold

Answer 15

Phagocytosis

Question 16

___________ receptors are on human cells that recognize different microbial products

Answer 16

Toll-like

Question 17

_______________________ or PAMPs are generalized patterns that are recognized by immune cells and are not specific to any pathogen

Answer 17

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

Question 18

__________ are released by stressed cells undergoing necrosis

Answer 18

DAMPs

Question 19

_______________ are the professional APCs and serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity

Answer 19

Dendritic cells

Question 20

Dendritic cells express high levels of class ___________ and __________.

Answer 20

2, CD80

Question 21

_________ become __________ when they enter circulation

Answer 21

Monocytes, macrophages

Question 22

CD14 binds to __________ in Gram negative bacteria

Answer 22

LPS

Question 23

Monocytes express _________ as a cell surface marker

Answer 23

CD14

Question 24

Monocytes respond __________ than neutrophils and have a ________ lifetime

Answer 24

Slower, longer

Question 25

Neutrophils serve one purpose: professional _____________

Answer 25

Killers

Question 26

________ make up the majority of the pus

Answer 26

Neutrophils

Question 27

Neutrophils make up _______________ of WBC

Answer 27

A majority

Question 28

The first thing at the site of inflammation is ______________

Answer 28

Neutrophil

Question 29

Neutrophils express _______ and _______

Answer 29

Cd15, cd16b

Question 30

____________ macrophages induced by innate immunity while ___________ macrophages are induced by ________ and ________

Answer 30

Classical, alternative, IL4, IL13

Question 31

TLR4 recognizes what?

Answer 31

Gram negative (LPS)

Question 32

TLR2 recognizes what?

Answer 32

Gram-positive (lipotechoic acid)