Intro to Metabolism and Energy Flashcards
(21 cards)
Define metabolism
all of a cells chemical reactions
Reactions that require energy to organize the cell are ________. An example would be __________.
- anabolic
2. DNA replication
What is catabolism, give an example
Reactions that release energy from breakdown of nutrients (cellular respiration)
What energy is used to drive anabolic reactions
Energy from catabolic reactions
What are the two laws of thermodynamics?
- Energy can not be created nor destroyed, only converted/transformed
- Entropy (randomness/disorder) of the universe is always increasing (disorder up=stability up)
Spontaneous reactions are _______ (endergonic/exergonic), which means energy is ________ (released/required) and Gibbs free energy is _________ (negative/positive).
- exergonic
- released
- negative
What is ATP
- Adenosine triphosphate
- RNA nucleotide
- major source of energy in cells
- energy currency
What is Pi
inorganic phosphate (PO4)
Formula of ATP hydrolysis
ATP=ADP+Pi
Where is energy stored
Phosphate bonds
When the third phosphate is removed from ATP to form ADP, energy is _______.
released (exergonic)
Why does ATP store energy
the third phosphate
Do enzymes change Gibbs free energy?
no, they only lower the activation energy
What do enzymes end in?
-ase
What binds to enzymes active sites
Substrates
What is induced fit in catalysis
When an enzyme changes its shape slightly to accommodate a substrate
Can enzymes be reused
yes
How do enzymes lower activation energy of a reaction
Bring reactants close together, active site has favorable environment for rxns, physically stress bonds to be broken, covalently bind to a substrate, place substrate in correct orientation
Two types of enzyme inhibitors
Competitive and non-competitive (musical chairs)
Define a competitive enzyme inhibitor
Binds to active site but does not participate in the reaction, can be outcompeted by high amounts of substrate
Define non-competitive enzyme inhibitors
Binds a site on the enzyme that is not the active site, blocks enzyme activity, changes shape of active site (breaks chair)
