Intro to Metabolism and Energy Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Intro to Metabolism and Energy Deck (21)
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1
Q

Define metabolism

A

all of a cells chemical reactions

2
Q

Reactions that require energy to organize the cell are ________. An example would be __________.

A
  1. anabolic

2. DNA replication

3
Q

What is catabolism, give an example

A

Reactions that release energy from breakdown of nutrients (cellular respiration)

4
Q

What energy is used to drive anabolic reactions

A

Energy from catabolic reactions

5
Q

What are the two laws of thermodynamics?

A
  1. Energy can not be created nor destroyed, only converted/transformed
  2. Entropy (randomness/disorder) of the universe is always increasing (disorder up=stability up)
6
Q

Spontaneous reactions are _______ (endergonic/exergonic), which means energy is ________ (released/required) and Gibbs free energy is _________ (negative/positive).

A
  1. exergonic
  2. released
  3. negative
7
Q

What is ATP

A
  • Adenosine triphosphate
  • RNA nucleotide
  • major source of energy in cells
  • energy currency
8
Q

What is Pi

A

inorganic phosphate (PO4)

9
Q

Formula of ATP hydrolysis

A

ATP=ADP+Pi

10
Q

Where is energy stored

A

Phosphate bonds

11
Q

When the third phosphate is removed from ATP to form ADP, energy is _______.

A

released (exergonic)

12
Q

Why does ATP store energy

A

the third phosphate

13
Q

Do enzymes change Gibbs free energy?

A

no, they only lower the activation energy

14
Q

What do enzymes end in?

A

-ase

15
Q

What binds to enzymes active sites

A

Substrates

16
Q

What is induced fit in catalysis

A

When an enzyme changes its shape slightly to accommodate a substrate

17
Q

Can enzymes be reused

A

yes

18
Q

How do enzymes lower activation energy of a reaction

A

Bring reactants close together, active site has favorable environment for rxns, physically stress bonds to be broken, covalently bind to a substrate, place substrate in correct orientation

19
Q

Two types of enzyme inhibitors

A

Competitive and non-competitive (musical chairs)

20
Q

Define a competitive enzyme inhibitor

A

Binds to active site but does not participate in the reaction, can be outcompeted by high amounts of substrate

21
Q

Define non-competitive enzyme inhibitors

A

Binds a site on the enzyme that is not the active site, blocks enzyme activity, changes shape of active site (breaks chair)