Intro to nervous system

Question 1

Components of CNS

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Components of Peripheral Nervous system

Answer 2

Cranial Nerves

Spinal Nerves

Question 3

Types of Neurons

Answer 3

Pseudounipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar

Question 4

Location of pseudounipolar

Answer 4

sensory neuron of PNS

Question 5

Location of bipolar neurons

Answer 5

peripheral sensory neurons for smell, vision, hearing and balance

Question 6

Location of multipolar neurons

Answer 6

throughout CNS

Question 7

Supporting cells

Answer 7

Glial cells; oligodendrocytes, astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal Cells
Schwann cells

Question 8

oligodendrocyte functions

Answer 8

produce myelin

Question 9

astrocyte function

Answer 9

structural support eg insulate synapses, uptake & synthesis of neurotransmitters

Question 10

name of glial cell tumours

Answer 10

gliomas

Question 11

microglia function and description

Answer 11

specialised macrophages that remove damaged neurons and infections

Question 12

description and function of ependymal cells

Answer 12

form the epithelial lining of the ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, form a secretory epithelium (choroid plexus) that produces the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 13

name the meninges

Answer 13

dura mater
arachnoid mater
subarachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 14

space between arachnoid mater and pia mater

Answer 14

filled with CSF

Arteries

Question 15

Components of brainstem

Answer 15

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

Question 16

lobes of the brain

Answer 16

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe

Question 17

where in the vertebrae does the spinal cord end

Answer 17

Lumbar I and Lumbar II

Question 18

Number of bones and nerves of Cervical vertebrae

Answer 18

7 bones

8 nerves

Question 19

No. bones and nerves of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 19

12

Question 20

No. bones and nerves of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 20

5

Question 21

No. bones and nerves of sacrum vertebrae

Answer 21

5

Question 22

No. bones and nerves of coccyx vertebrae

Answer 22

3-4 fused coccygeal vertebrae

1 coccygeal nerve

Question 23

function of Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 23

regulates glands
blood vessels
internal organs

Question 24

function of somatic nervous system

Answer 24

controls skeletal muscle

Question 25

Systems of Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 25

Sympathetic Nervous System (fight or flight) | Parasympathetic Nervous System (rest and digest)

Question 26

Cranial Nerve Mneumonic device

Answer 26

``` (Olfactory) Oh (Optic) Oh (Occulomotor) Oh (Trochlear) To (Trigeminal) Touch (Abducens) And (Facial) Feel (Vestibulocochlear) Very (Glassopharynx) Green (Vagus) Vegetable (Accessory) Ah (Hypoglossal) Heaven ```

Question 27

organs that the 8 cervical nerves influence

Answer 27

neck and upper limb

Question 28

organs that the 12 thoracic nerves influence

Answer 28

T1-12 for upper limb and thorax

Question 29

organs that the 5 lumbar nerves influence

Answer 29

L1-5 for abdomen and lower limb

Question 30

organs that the 5 sacral nerves influence

Answer 30

1-5 for lower limb and perineum | The urinary and anal sphincters, and the external genitalia, are supplied by S2-4 (sphincters and sex)

Question 31

sensory spinal nerves

Answer 31

Enters posterior aspect of spinal cord | Cell body in spinal (dorsal root) ganglion

Question 32

motor spinal nerves

Answer 32

Efferent Exits anterior aspect of spinal cord Cell body in spinal cord (grey matter)

Question 33

Dermatomes

Answer 33

Area of skin supplied by one spinal nerve

Question 34

Myotomes

Answer 34

Group of muscles that a single spinal nerve innervates

Question 35

stages of reflex arcs

Answer 35

``` Receptor Sensory neuron Integration centre Motor neuron Effector ```

Question 36

examples of monosynaptic reflex arcs

Answer 36

Knee | Ankle

Question 37

direction of nerve impulse of sensory nerves

Answer 37

Afferent | Towards CNS

Question 38

direction of nerve impulse of motor nerves

Answer 38

Efferent | Away from CNS

Question 39

Somatic sensation

Answer 39

we are acutely aware of these; well localised (e.g. sharp pain, touch). Generally originate in body wall structures rather than internal organs

Question 40

visceral sensation

Answer 40

: either imperceptible, only vaguely localisable, or only become perceptible in disease. From blood vessels and internal organs (viscera).

Question 41

function of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 41

fight or flight Alert - inc. heart rate, contractility and blood pressure Blood vessels, bronchioles and pupils dilate Close sphincters

Question 42

function of parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 42

decrease heart rate and contractility relaxes alimentary canal pupil and bronchioles constrict open sphincters

Question 43

Structure of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 43

short preganglionic neurons | long postganglionic neurons

Question 44

structure of parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 44

long preganglionic neurons | short postganglionic neurons