Introduction Flashcards
Atoms of elements with very different electronegativities are able to form what type of bond
Ionic Bond
What are two important ways in which the Earth 4 billion years ago would have differed from the planet today
No life yet and less oxygen in the atmosphere
Imagine that a scientist uses a statistic test to analyze the data from an experiment and calculates a p-value of 0.09. What is the 0.09. What does the number mean?
0.09%, its the probability due to random affects. The null hypothesis would be accepted,
What is equilibrium
It is when the rate of production of reactants and products are equal.
Why does hydrogen and oxygen form a polar covalent bond
A polar bond occur when two different electronegative atoms bond together. Oxygen has a high electronegativity and hydrogen has a low electronegativity. Therefore they form a polar covalent bond
Approximately how long ago did life first appear on Earth?
~3 billion years ago
If an atom has 7 protons, how many covalent bonds is it likely to make?
3 bonds
Of the four elements that are the most abundant in biological molecules which two have relatively low or similar electronegativity?
Carbon and hydrogen
Why do scientists use null hypothesis.
A null hypothesis states that there isn’t a difference between a subject before and after the experiment. A null hypothesis is a point reference scientist use to determine if the variables their testing worked or didn’t work
Water is good at dissolving substances which are formed by which two types of chemical bonds
Ionic hydrogen bonds and polar bonds
What is a buffer
Is a substance that maintains a solutions current pH level. Buffers bind to hydrogen atoms, if solutions become acidic hydrogen atoms are captured, if solution become more basic hydrogen atoms are released.
What is the pH of an Aquarius solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 10^-5. Show your work
10^-5 =pOH 5
PH 14-5 =pH9
What causes the cohesiveness of water molecules
Due to water’s polarity. Water molecules are very attracted to each other therefore they want stick to each other.
Usually small molecules can evaporate relatively easily. Explain why water has a such a high boiling temperature.
The hydrogen bonds in water are consistently breaking and forming. You need a high temperature to break these hydrogen bonds.
Why are hydrocarbons hydrophobic
Non-polar and because they have similar electronegativity
Which functional group acts as a weak base?
Amino
Two functional groups act as acids
Phosphate group and carboxyl acid
One function of our digestive system is to break polymers down into monomers. What is the name of the reach by which they do that?
Hydrolysis
It one molecules of some substance weights 75 daltons, how many molecules of that substance are in one liter of 0.5 M solution?
3.01 x10^23
What are 3 things that cause proteins to denature
High temperature
pH level acidic or basic
Salt concentration
Give three examples of plant species that grown as a source of starch for human diets
Taro
Wheat
Barley
Banana
Potato
Plantains
How does ATP remember the movers of nucleic acids
Sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
In proteins which types of bonds between atoms of the backbone, stabilize the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet shapes
Hydrogen bonds
If a protein is decided as quaternary structure, what does that tell you about the protein
More than one strand of protein
Subunits determine how they are shape or how other subunits interact with each other
