introduction to haematological malignancies Flashcards
(10 cards)
1
Q
What cells are affected in myeloid malignancies
A
- Red blood cells
- Platelets
- Granulocytes
- Monocytes
2
Q
What cells are affected in lymphoid malignancies
A
- B cells
- T cells
3
Q
What is the triad of bone marrow failure
A
- Anaemia
- Thrombocytopenic bleeding
- Infection because of neutropenia (bacterial and fungal)
4
Q
What are the clinical features of acute leukaemia
A
- Bone marrow failure (Anaemia, thrombocytopenic bleeding and infection because of neutropenia which is usally bacterial or fungal)
- Tissue infiltration (skins, gums, liver, spleen and CNS)
- Hyperviscosity (WCC >100x 10 to the power of 9/L)
5
Q
What is the difference between actue and chronic myeloid leukaemia
A
- Acute has undifferentiated cells compared to the differentiated mature cells in the chronic myeloid leukaemia
- Acute has bone marrow failure but chronic does not
- Acute is potentially cureable
- Chronic can have long term survival with new therapy
6
Q
What does a localised and painful lymphadenopathy indicate
A
bacterial infection in the draining site
7
Q
What does localised and painless lymphadenopathy indicate
A
- Rare infections like TB
- Metastatic carcinoma from draining site which is hard
- Lymphoma which is rubbery
- Reactive
8
Q
What does generalised and painless lymphadenopathy indicate
A
- lymphoma
- Leukaemia
- Connective tissue disease like sarcoidosis
- Reactive
- Drugs
9
Q
What does generalised and painful lymphadenopathy indicate
A
Viral infections - EBV, Citomegalo virus, hepatitis and HIV
10
Q
What is the presentation of lymphoma
A
- Lymphadenopathy
- Extranodal disease
- Systemic symptoms such as fever, drenching sweats, loss of weight, pruritis and fatigue
