thrombotic disorders Flashcards
(25 cards)
Describe primary homeostasis when there is an injury
- Vasoconstriction
- Platelet adhesion
- Platelet aggregation
Describe coagulation when there is an injury
- Insoluble fibrin formation with fibrin cross-linking
Describe fibrinolysis
1.Urokinase or tissue plasminogen activator breakdown plasminogen into plasmin
2.Plasmin cleaves fibrin into fibrinogen which essentially breaks down the clot
What is an embolism
When a thrombus moves from its original site
Describe Virchow’s triad
- Stasis
- Hypercoagulability
- Vessel damage
Whats an example of stasis in Virchows triad
- Bed rest
- Travel
What is an example of vessel damage in virchows triad
Atherosclerosis
What is an example of hypercoagulability in Virchows triad
- Pregnancy
- Trauma
What does arterial thrombosis usually lead to
Ischaemia and infraction
What usually preceeds a thrombus
Atherosclerosis
What are the risk factors for arterial thrombosis
- Age
- Smoking
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Hypercholesteroloaemia
What is the primary management of a thrombus
lifestyle modification and treatment of the vascular risk factors
What is the treatment of an acute presentation of thrombosis
- Thrombolysis
- Antiplatelet/ anticoagulant drugs
Why is an arterial thrombus known as a white thrombus
Made of fibrin and platelets - small amount of red blood cells
Why is a venous thrombus known as a red thrombus
Made predominently of fibrin and red blood cells
What are the risk factors for venous thrombosis
- increasing age
- Pregnancy
- HRT
- Combined oral contraceptive pill
- tissue trauma
- Immobility
- Surgery
- Obesity
- Systemic disease]Family history
What is the main systemic disease associated with DVT
Cancer
Which systemic diseases are associated with DVT
- Cancer
- Myeloproliferative neoplasm
- Autoimmune disease: IBD, Lupus, antiphospholipid syndrome
How id venous thrombosis diagnosed
- Pretest probability score: Wells score, Geneva score
- D-dimer
- Imaging
What imaging is done for thrombosis
Doppler Ultrasound
What imaging is done for Pulmonary embolism
Ventilation/perfusion scan
Give low molecular weight heparin examples
enoxiparin and doxiparin
Give coumarins example
Warfarin
Give example of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC)
- Riveroxiban
- Apixiban
