Introduction To Human Development: Journey Through Life Cycle Flashcards by Karla Guntayon

5 conceptual models

Biological
Sociocultural
Psychological/psychodynamic
Spiritual
Biopsychosocial

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Main subject of Medicine

Man

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Model which focuses on the anatomy and physiology of human body

Biological model

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Model that focuses on the context of human life

Growing circle of relationships

Sociocultural model

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Dyad

Mother-child

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Triad

Mother-father-child

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A model that emphasizes the primacy of human experiences as shapers of behavior and wiring of human brain

Psychodynamic model

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A process of transferring of past feelings, experiences, and memories to the present

Transference

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Relationship with a force bigger than oneself

Spiritual model

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Combination of biological, psychological, and social factors

Biopsychosocial model

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Understanding how health or disease is affected by multiple levels of organization

Biopsychosocial model

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Something wrong with the structures and functions of the body

Disease

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Something wrong with the functions of the mind

Disorder

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Interdisciplinary approach; looking into systems

Biopsychosocial model

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Optimal environment for growth and development

Stable
Predictable events
Adults that can provide basic needs of children

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Basic needs

Material needs
Protection from danger
Affection, acceptance, approval
Discipline, demands
New experience

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Unconditional (3As)

Affection

Acceptance

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Conditional

Linked to discipline and demands

Approval

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First environment into which a child is born

Family

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Unit most capable of providing basic needs

Family

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Responsible for transmission of social rules and values

Adult (Family)

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Theory that explains the development of a human as he/she resolves psychosocial crises in each stage

8 stages of psychosocial development

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(Basic conflict)

Infancy

Basic trust vs. mistrust

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(Basic conflict)

Oral

Basic trust vs. mistrust

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(Basic conflict) | Toddler

Autonomy vs. shame

(Basic conflict) | Anal

Autonomy vs. shame

(Basic conflict) | Pre-school

Initiative vs. guilt

(Basic conflict) | Phallic

Initiative vs. guilt

School age

Industry vs. inferiority

Latency

Industry vs. inferiority

(Basic conflict) | Adolescence

Identity vs. role diffusion

(Basic conflict) | Early adult

Intimacy vs. isolation

(Basic conflict) | Middle age

Generativity vs. stagnation

(Basic conflict) | Old Age

Integrity vs. despair

Part of human life cycle | Total dependent state

Infancy

Infant capabilities

``` Tracking Crying Grasping Reaching Smiling Babbling ```

6-8 months, stranger anxiety

Selective attachment

Relationship between the primary caregiver and the baby upon the response of the caregiver to the needs of the baby

Trust vs. Mistrust

Warmth, regularity, dependable affection, safe

Basic trust

Doubt or watchfulness until infant feels safe

Mistrust

Part of human life cycle | Clear evidence of emotions

Toddler

Part of human life cycle Attachment Selective attachment

Infancy

``` Part of human life cycle Issue of control Transitional objects Magical thinking Imaginary companion ```

Toddler

Toilet training | Discipline

Issue of control

Provide psychological comfort especially during emotional transition from dependence to independence

Transitional object

Attribution of causal relationships between thoughts/actions and events

Magical thinking

Creation of companion

Imaginary companion

Embarrassment and shame as a form of discipline

Autonomy vs. shame

Explores surroundings, asserting their will

Autonomy

Results from too much demands too soon, refuse to let children perform tasks of which they are capable, or ridicule early attempts at self-sufficiency

Shame

Biologically determined tendency of a young child to seek proximity to the parent during the time of stress Survival of infants

Attachment

A powerful signal to entice adults to approach infant

Infant's cry

First step in long journey of life cycle

Infant-mother relationship attachment

Bowlby's Phases of Attachment Development Indiscriminate social responsiveness

Birth-2 months

Bowlby's Phases of Attachment Development Discriminating sociability

2-7 months

Bowlby's Phases of Attachment Development Intentional and focused attachment

7-24/30 months

Depends on the responsiveness and sensitivity of the infant's caretaker/mother

Infant-mother Relationship Attachment

Infant-mother Relationship Attachment | Mothers attuned to their babies

Secure attachment

Infant-mother Relationship Attachment Overstimulating/understimulating mother Cold/rejecting mother Inept/abusive mother

Insecure attachment

Part of human life cycle Remarkable physical, emotional growth, language development More aware of body parts, concerns with body injury

Preschool age

Part of human life cycle Oedipal complex Triadic relationship with parents

Preschool age

Characterized by the struggling for attention of the parents of the opposite sex

Oedipal complex

Outcomes of Oedipal complex

Superego Formation | Gender role

Begins and completes their own actions for a purpose

Iniatiative

Results when the initiative does not produce desired results

Guilt

Part of human life cycle Entry into the community Period of remarkable physical, cognitive, social and moral growth Growth correlates with brain maturation

School Age

Learn to make friends, show one's competency, seeks new role, no longer ascribed role at home

Ascribed vs. achieved status

Part of human life cycle Latency phase Same-sex grouping

School Age

Considered a period of quiescence that follows the period of intense triadic relationships

Latency phase

Grouping becomes polrized

Same-sex grouping

Going to school and learning how to master skills in order to produce something

Industry

Results when the tasks are not completed/poor mastery of skill

Inferiority

Part of human life cycle Awkward period between the onset of sexual maturation and attaining adult status in society Certain degree of angst, instability Often described as an emergent life phase

Adolescence

Marked by hormonal changes | Results from the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

Puberty

Gray matter growth spurt just before puberty especially in frontal lobe Extensive loss of cortical synapses

Synaptic pruning

Progressively thicken from birth by insulation, making these fibers efficient in their conductivity

Myelination process

Maturation of adolescent brain | Among the last connections to be established

Dosolateral prefrontal cortex | Emotional centers: limbic system, cerebellum

Midbrain reward system

Ventral tegmental area | Nucleus accumbens

12-14 years | Puberty brings a state of arousal and heightened sexual interest

Early adolenscence

14-17 years New relationships, more complex, social environment Sexual desires intensified

Middle adolescence

Identification with a subculture characterized by its shared interests Loyalty to _____ becomes an obsession (Middle adolescence)

Peers

Crucial developmental task of adolescence

Identity

18-21 years More comfortable patterns of behavior reflecting greater mastery and experience Discriminative relationships Patterns of coping, intimacy

Late adolescence

Part of human life cycle Peak of biological development Assumption of major social roles

Early adulthood

Capacity for exchange good feelings with others; capacity to love

Intimacy

Lack of relationships

Isolation

``` Part of human life cycle Prime of one's life, career Taking stock Caught between one's parent and children Fidelity and commitment ```

Middle Adulthood

Children grew up and parents are left

Empty nest syndrome

Want to teach, to generate ideas

Generativity

Nothing is happening in my life

Stagnation

Part of human life cycle | Retirement, economic security, dealing with losses

Late Adulthood

Lived a full life, fulfillment

Integrity

Wasted life, regret

Despair

Bonus years Recapitulating Contribution Internal drive for reflection, spiritual connections

Summing up

Complex process influenced by heredity, nutrition, health, lifestyle, a host of environmental factors

Aging

Introduction To Human Development: Journey Through Life Cycle Flashcards

(95 cards)