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Principles And Perspectives > Ethics in Health Care > Flashcards

Ethics in Health Care Flashcards

1
Q

principles, rules, guidelines, laws, codes attempting to find out what is the right thing to do

A

ethics

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2
Q

discipline that examines one’s moral standards or standards of the society

A

ethics

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3
Q

standards that an individual or group has about what is right and rong, good or bad

A

morality

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4
Q

deals with matters that we think can seriously injure or seriously benefit humans
based on impartial considerations

A

moral standards

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5
Q

focus: me

punishment, reward, reciprocity

A

pre-conventional stage

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6
Q

moral development

stage 1

A

reward and punishment

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7
Q

Heinz shouldn’t steal because he will get caught

A

stage 1

reward and punishment

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8
Q

moral development
stage 2
sense of empathy

A

individualism and exchange

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9
Q

Heinz should steal because that’s his wife’s life at stake

A

stage 2

individualism and exchange

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10
Q

focus: group/others
familiar society
loyalty to the group is important to the point of sacrificing own self

A

conventional stage

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11
Q

moral development
stage 3
earn approval by being nice or having good intentions

A

interpersonal concordance

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12
Q

it is ok for Heinz to steal the drug because he was trying to save his wife’s life

A

stage 3

interpersonal concordance

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13
Q

moral development
stage 4
rules that are needed for the good of all/most

A

law and order

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14
Q

i recognize Heinz motive was good but I don’t think he should steal because if everyone who needed something just stole it, then there would be chaos

A

stage 4

law and order

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15
Q

global perspective
examines values and norms of his/her group
redefines in tems of self-chosen moral principles such as justice

A

post-conventional stage

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16
Q

aware that people in a society hold conflicting views
believes all values and norms are relative and should be tolerated
emphasizes fair ways for reaching a consensus through democratic means

A

stage 5

social contract and individual rights

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17
Q

while i don’ agree with Heinz’s decision to steal, i do believe the wife’s right to life takes precedence over the druggist’s property rights

A

stage 5

social contract and individual rights

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18
Q

commitment to the universal principles of equal rights, social justice and respect for basic dignity

A

stage 6

universal principles

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19
Q

i suggest that Heinz, the wife, and the pharmacist act out each other’s roles so that the pharmacist may see the wife’s right to life has a higher value than the right to property.

A

stage 6

universal principles

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20
Q

proponent of the anatomy of an ethical decision

A

manuel velasquez

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21
Q

5 ethical frameworks

A 
utilitarianism
Kantian ethics
virtue ethics
ethics of care
christian ethics
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22
Q

actions and politics reevaluated based on benefits and costs they will impose on society

A

utilitarianism

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23
Q

merits of utilitarianism

A

simple
intuitive
impartial
efficient

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24
Q

true/flase

in utilitaranism, the end justifies the means

A

true

25
Q

principles of the categorical imperative

A

principle of universality

principle of humanity

26
Q

applied to anybody

A

universality

27
Q

what if everybody did that? how would you like it if he did that to you?

A

reversability

28
Q

never use humans as a means to an end point but as an end

A

humanity

29
Q

derived from rationality

ethics of duty

A

Kantian ethics

30
Q

categorical imperative can be safely prescribed as a law for everyone

A

Kantian ethics

31
Q

action is right if it is what a virtuous person would do

A

virtue ethics

32
Q

main proponents of virtue ethics

A

socrates, plato, aristotle

33
Q

characteristics which make a person the best he/she could be

A

virtue

34
Q

morality is based on what will bring about the best that a person can be
emphasis not on action to be take out but on what can be done to produce the sort of character that instinctively does the right thing

A

virtue ethics

35
Q

action should emanate particular care of relationships

A

ethics of care

36
Q

proponent of ethics of care

A

carol giligan

37
Q

sees fundamental value of concrete communities and communal relationships that should be preserved and maintained

A

communitarian ethics

38
Q

we exists in a web of relationships and thus must preserve that web as best as we could
tailor fit according to the community you are working with

A

ethics of care

39
Q

5 central values in ethics of care

A 
moral attention
sympathetic understanding
relationship awareness
accommodation
response
40
Q

there is recognition of the existence of a supernatural being, whose existence is a fact

A

christian ethics

41
Q

christian ethics vs. kantian ethics

A

agrees with universality and humanity

not as rigid and reason-based

42
Q

christian ethics vs. virtue ethics

A

agrees with importance of forming the character of the decision maker
self-actualization is not the ultimate goal but a by-product of putting God first

43
Q

christian ethics vs. ethics of care

A

similar (call to love one’s neighbor)

when conflicting, love of God takes precedence over love of neighbor

44
Q

christian ethics vs. utilitarianism

A

both weigh things

difference in the definition of the good

45
Q

utility is calculated through the 6 variables

A

bentham’s hedonic calculus

46
Q

6 variables in calculating utility according to bentham’s hedonic calculus

A 
intensity
duration
certainty
proximity
fecundity
purity
47
Q

chance of being followed by similar sensations

A

fecundity

48
Q

chance of being followed by sensations of the opposite kind

A

purity

49
Q

4 principles of ethcis

A

nonmaleficence
beneficence
respect for autonomy
justice

50
Q

do no harm

A

nonmaleficence

51
Q

one ought to provide benefits for others

A

beneficence

52
Q

one ought to balance benefits with risk to produce the best overall results

A

net utility

53
Q

one ought to act in such a way taht enables another person to act fully in accordance with his/her self-chosen plan

A

respect for autonomy

54
Q

autonomy is present if the person has

A

liberty

agency

55
Q

free from controlling influences

A

liberty

56
Q

has capacity for intentional action

A

agency

57
Q

one ought to give what is due a person

A

justice

58
Q

angeles model for ethical reasoning

A 
gather the facts
identify stakeholders
articulate the dilemma
list the alternatives
compare values
determine consequences behind options
make a decision
59
Q

UNESCO model for ethical decision-making

A 
fact deliberation
value deliberation
duty deliberation
test of consistency
final decision

Principles And Perspectives (11 decks)

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