Introduction to Infectious Agents 2

Question 1

how many receptors do we have for b and t cells

Answer 1

10 to the 15

Question 2

describe variable region on antibody

Answer 2

differs on differnet antibodies

Question 3

what is permanently altered during process of making t cell and immunoglobulin genes

Answer 3

genome

Question 4

b cell receptor can exist as

Answer 4

receptor onsurface of b cell

soluble version of be cell receptor

Question 5

what is soluble version of b cell receptor

Answer 5

immunoglobin

Question 6

antigen receptor on t cell

Answer 6

is never released, always part of t cell

Question 7

once antigen receptor makes contact with antigen, what makes signal

Answer 7

another complex associated with receptor transduces signal, it’s associated non-covalently

Question 8

once lymphocytes develop in primary lymphoid tissue they go where

Answer 8

secondary lymphoid tissue

Question 9

what are ex of secondary lymphoid tissue

Answer 9

spleen

lymph nodes

Question 10

b cells can recognize completely conformed antigen in

Answer 10

native conformation

Question 11

how does b cell recognize antigen

Answer 11

epitope on surface of antigen

Question 12

can t cells recognize free floating antigen

Answer 12

no

Question 13

through b cell receptor can recognize

Answer 13

free floating conformation antigen

Question 14

what does Tcell receptor recognize

Answer 14

area made up on surface of MHC molecule

Question 15

T cells can only respond agains

Answer 15

another cell - not against a soluble antigen

Question 16

What are two kinds of MHC molecules

Answer 16

class I and class II

Question 17

MHC class I presnet to what

Answer 17

CD8 T cells

Question 18

MHC classs II prsent to what

Answer 18

CD4 T cells

Question 19

very small number in our cells express what MHC class

Answer 19

II

Question 20

almost all cells in our body express what MHC class

Answer 20

I

Question 21

b cells and t cells go to secondary lymphoid tissue to:

Answer 21

circulation & lymphatic vessels

Question 22

if b and t cells do not encouter antigen they can respond against what happens

Answer 22

they die

Question 23

what is main thing responsible for filtering blood

Answer 23

spleen

Question 24

what lymph nodes act as filters for tissue

Answer 24

lymph nodes

Question 25

MALT stands for what

Answer 25

mucosal associated lymphoid tissues

Question 26

adaptive imune responses are initiated wehre

Answer 26

secondary lymphoid tissue

Question 27

does spleen have lymphatic drainage, describe blood supply

Answer 27

no | lots of blood supply

Question 28

describe blood supply of lymph nodes

Answer 28

poor, by lots of lymphatic drainage

Question 29

when lymph is filtered through lymph nodes, and there is infection:

Answer 29

the infection is shown to the lymph nodes and they can respond

Question 30

B cells in spleen agregate where

Answer 30

follicle

Question 31

during immune response, what happens to follicel in spleen

Answer 31

gets bigger, becomes secondary follicle, forms germinal center

Question 32

formation of germinal center requires help from what cell in spleen

Answer 32

T cell

Question 33

PAL

Answer 33

periarterial lymphoid sheath

Question 34

outer layer of lymph node is called what

Answer 34

cortex

Question 35

in cortex what cell is found

Answer 35

b cells

Question 36

small follicle with no response is what

Answer 36

primary follicle

Question 37

b cell proliferation what happens to follicel in spleen

Answer 37

get larger, secondary follicles, developed germinal center

Question 38

inner part of lymph node is called what

Answer 38

medulla

Question 39

once b cells differentiate into plasma cells, some plasma cells go to medulla and secrete antibody into circulation

Answer 39

b cells don't have to be there they can put antibodies out

Question 40

what happens to active t cells

Answer 40

they have to leave and actually go to site of infection

Question 41

b/w medulla and cortex is what

Answer 41

paracortex

Question 42

where are t cells found in spleen

Answer 42

paracortex

Question 43

when dendritic cells pick up antigen where do they go

Answer 43

paracortex - to t cells

Question 44

lymph nodes how do they get into ciruclation

Answer 44

high endothelial venules

Question 45

what does HEV stand for

Answer 45

high endothelial veules

Question 46

are HEV found in spleen - why or why not

Answer 46

no, they can just go right into blood supply

Question 47

all migration of immune cells into tissues, including lymph nodes is dependent on what

Answer 47

adhesion molecules

Question 48

selectins bind to what

Answer 48

vascular addressins

Question 49

integrins bind to what

Answer 49

immunoglobulin-like molecule (ICAM)

Question 50

LFA-1 is from what family

Answer 50

integrins

Question 51

ICAM-1 is from what family

Answer 51

ICAM

Question 52

where is GALT found

Answer 52

gut

Question 53

MALT stands for what

Answer 53

Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissues

Question 54

BALT is found where

Answer 54

f

Question 55

NALT is found where

Answer 55

f

Question 56

at apex

Answer 56

pyers patch - gut associated lymphoid tissue which underlies

Question 57

M cell samples antigen from lumen of gut, carries across cytoplasm, and hands it to:

Answer 57

dendritic cell

Question 58

dendritic cells pick up products of inection and carry via lymphatic vessels to

Answer 58

lymph node to show to t cell

Question 59

where is there lymphatic drainage

Answer 59

everywhere - can detect infection everywhere in body

Question 60

afferent lymphatic vessels empty fluid and cells into

Answer 60

lymph node

Question 61

all adapative immune resopnse are initiated where

Answer 61

secondary lyphoid organs

Question 62

what are three antigen presenting cells

Answer 62

dendritic cell macrophage b lymphocyte

Question 63

where are macrophages

Answer 63

all tissue

Question 64

when b cell and t cell meet:

Answer 64

b cell is presneting fragment/peptide of what it has to t cell to get help from t cell

Question 65

dendritic cell pick up antigen at site of infection and bring it to

Answer 65

regional/draining lymph node

Question 66

once denditic cell goes to lymph node it goes where

Answer 66

to t cell location

Question 67

free antigen can be delivered in lymphatic vessel

Answer 67

perculated or channeled through condulitas to follicles, so free antigen is delivered to b cells

Question 68

if t cells can recognize antigen it will do what

Answer 68

proliferate

Question 69

if b cell can recognize antigen it will do what

Answer 69

prliferate

Question 70

once t cells are activated they do what

Answer 70

proliferate and go to site of infection

Question 71

in epidermis of skin, speiclaized form of dendritic cells:

Answer 71

langerhans cells

Question 72

once langerhans cells find a pathogen it does what

Answer 72

leaves and presents and becomes Interdigitating dendritic cell

Question 73

clonal selection leads to what

Answer 73

clonal expansion/clonal proliferation

Question 74

free antigen presents

Answer 74

b cells

Question 75

germinal center is site of

Answer 75

intense b cell proliferation

Question 76

what happens in b cells

Answer 76

b cells will change their antibody

Question 77

what changes happen in b cells in germinal center

Answer 77

``` tinker with variable region to generate antibody that will bind with high affinity change to different class of antibody ```

Question 78

what form after T cells help B cells

Answer 78

germinal centers

Question 79

what are you stimulating with vaccine

Answer 79

memory cells, so if they encounter pathogen they can get rapid secondary response

Question 80

Th1 is abbreviation for what

Answer 80

CD4 T cells

Question 81

cytotoxic T cells are most important for getting rid of

Answer 81

viral infections

Question 82

what are adapted to kill off viral infected cells

Answer 82

cytotoxic T cells

Question 83

can only work

Answer 83

t cells are contacting other cells

Question 84

what is used to deal with toxin or bacteria outside of cell

Answer 84

antibodies

Question 85

what is opsonization

Answer 85

coating - antibody "opsonizes" pathogen

Question 86

when antibody binds to surface of bacteria, it does what to phagocyte

Answer 86

tells phagocyte to get rid of it, it has receptor for the other end of antibody so it knows to eat it

Question 87

phagocytosis is more effieicent due to

Answer 87

antibodies & opsiniozation

Question 88

to get good antibody response need what kind of cell

Answer 88

t cell- specifically TH2 cell

Question 89

allergies are what

Answer 89

inappropriate immune response

Question 90

rejection of tissue transplants is what

Answer 90

normal immune response

Question 91

failure of immune system to respond appropriately is what

Answer 91

immune deficiency

Question 92

myeloid lineage participate in what response

Answer 92

innate

Question 93

lymphoid lineage participate in what response

Answer 93

adaptive