Introduction to the Lab Flashcards by Sydnie Bookman

what is the pre-analytic phase

specimen collection and accessioning

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what is the analytic phase

grossing, processing, embedding, cutting, staining, cover slipping, and case assembly

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what is the post analytic phase

pathologist sign out

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what are the two questions that need to be answered during accessioning

what is it and where is it from

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what is an SDS

safety data sheet

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what is a GHS

globally harmonized system
classification and labeling of chemicals

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explain the four squares of the hazard identification system safety diamond

top point: fire hazard information
right point: reactivity information
bottom point: specific hazard information
left point: health hazard information

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what is the permissible exposure limit for formaldehyde in the workplace (long term)

0.75 ppm over 8 hours

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what is the permissible exposure limit for formaldehyde in the workplace (short term)

2 ppm over a 15 minute period

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what is the action level (standard trigger for increased monitoring) of formaldehyde monitoring

0.5 ppm over 8 hours

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what percentage of formaldehyde is formalin by weight

37% (3.7 for 10% buffered formalin)

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what is the minimum amount of PPE

gloves, aprons, and eye protection

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what are some examples of non-ionizing radiation (low frequency)

powerlines, microwaves, remote controls, cell phones

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what is the most common type of ionizing radiation (high frequency) we will be affected by

beta - lighter negatively charger electrons

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what is R

roentgen - unit of measuring radiation exposure

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what is RAD

radiation absorbed dose - amount of energy deposited in a medium

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what is REM

radiation equivalent man - combination of energy that is deposited in human tissue along with its medical effects

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what is the NRC occupational radial dose limit for the entire body

5,000 mrem/yr

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what is the size of a regular cassette

3.2 x 2.6 x 0.5 cm

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what is the ideal tissue size for a regular cassette

2.5 x 1.5 x 0.3 cm

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what is the rate of formalin penetration

1 mm per hour

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what is the cold ischemic time

time the tissue is removed from the body to the time when it’s put into fixative

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what is B5 fixative used for

bone marrows and lymph nodes

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what is bouins fixative used for

GI’s - allows for crisp nuclear detail

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what is carnoy's fixative used for

lymph nodes and fat clearing

what is glutaraldehyde fixative used for

electronmicroscopy and kidneys

what is neutral buffered formalin used for

routine histology

what is paraformaldehyde fixative used for

fluorescence studies and research

what is zenker's fixative used for

nuclear chromatin, connective tissue fibers, and cytoplasmic features

what does picric acid do to tissue

softens and causes shrinkage

what does acetic acid do to tissue

causes swelling and lysis of red cells

what does alcohol do to tissue

coagulates proteins and causes shrinkage

what does chloroform do to tissue

increases alcohol penetration and clears fatty tissue

what is the formalin fixation ratio

15-20:1 (formalin to tissue)

what is RPMI special solution used for

flow cytometry and lymphoma

what is Michel's special solution used for

IF and autoimmune diseases of skin and kidney

what is hanks special solution used for

cytogenetics and genetic mutation

what is the CPT code for gross only specimens

88300

what is the CPT code for something that is benign but is being submitted for documentation purposes (fallopian tube)

88302

what is the CPT code for something usually benign but a bit more complex (gallbladder)

88304

what is the CPT code for something that may have pathology (GI and skin biopsies)

88305

what is the CPT code for something bigger with more routine pathology and 5-15 cassettes (uterus)

88307

what is the CPT code for something large and malignant

88309

what is the CPT code for decalcification

88311

define EMR

electronic medical record

define EHR

electron health record

define HEENT

head, ears, eyes, nose and throat

what is the term for intolerant of lights

photophobia

what is the term for intolerant of sounds

phonophobia

what is the term for double vision

diplopia

what is term for ringing of the ear

tinnitus

define PERRL

pupils equal, round, and reactive to light

define NCAT

normocephalic, atraumatic

define (L/R) BBB

bundle branch block

define TURP

transurethral resection of prostate

define TURB

transurethral resection of bladder tumor

define lymphadenopathy

enlarged lymph nodes

which, cold or hot, nodule is usually malignant

cold nodule

which, cold or hot, nodule is usually benign

hot nodule

what is adjuvant treatment

treatment that is given after the primary treatment to stop it from reoccurring ex. radiation after breast removal

what is neoadjuvant treatment

treatment that is given before primary treatment ex. radiation to shrink a tumor before removal