Invent the Quiz Qs Mod 1 Flashcards
1
Q
- Which of the following is the control center for the endocrine system?
a. hypothalamus
b. thalamus
c. pituitary gland
d. pineal gland
A
Hypothalamus
2
Q
- Thyroid follicles produce calcitonin and parafollicular cells produce thyroid hormone.
a. true
b. false
A
False
3
Q
- What is the most important hormone for calcium homeostasis?
a. thyroid hormone
b. parathyroid hormone
c. calcitonin
d. calcitriol
A
PTH
4
Q
- Which of the following would you NOT expect to see with Addison’s disease?
a. hypoglycemia
b. hypernatremia
c. hyperkalemia
d. you would expect to find all of the above
A
Hypernatremia
5
Q
- The pancreas is primarily an exocrine gland.
a. true
b. false
A
True
6
Q
- Which of the following describes short distance signaling between different cell types?
a. paracrine communication
b. autocrine communication
c. endocrine communication
d. synaptic communication
A
Paracrine
7
Q
- Long-term exposure to _____ acts as an immunosuppressive during the resistance phase of a stress response.
a. norepinephrine
b. aldosterone
c. cortisone
d. aldosterone
A
Cortisone
8
Q
- Insulin causes glucose breakdown.
a. true
b. false
A
False
9
Q
- Melatonin MAY inhibit the release of _____.
a. insulin
b. gonadotropins
c. thyroid hormone
d. calcitonin
A
Gonadotropins
10
Q
- The phase of the general adaptation syndrome in which homeostatic regulation breakdown occurs is the _____.
a. alarm phase
b. resistance phase
c. degenerative phase
d. exhaustion phase
A
Exhausting phase
11
Q
- Glucagon release will be highest _____.
a. before a meal
b. immediately following a meal
c. between meals
A
Between meals
12
Q
- Which of the following stimulates uterine contractions?
a. oxytocin
b. prolactin
c. somatostatin
d. antidiuretic hormone
A
Oxytocin
13
Q
- A diuretic increases urine volume.
a. true
b. false
A
True
14
Q
- Which of the following is a symptom of hypothyroidism?
a. feeling cold
b. hypertension
c. weight loss
d. fast reflexes
A
Feeling cold
15
Q
- Which of the following best describes diabetes insipidus?
a. an autoimmune disorder where the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed
b. an inability to regulate blood glucose because of insulin resistance
c. an inability to release or lack of production of antidiuretic hormone
A
an inability to release or lack of production of antidiuretic hormone
16
Q
- Which of the following is released from the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex?
a. testosterone
b. cortisol
c. estrogen
d. aldosterone
A
Cortisol
17
Q
- Thyrotropin releasing hormone is hydrophobic.
a. true
b. false
A
False
18
Q
- Thyroid hormone and the sympathetic nervous system together have an amplified response. What type of interaction is this?
a. permissive effect
b. synergistic effect
c. positive feedback
d. antagonistic effect
A
Synergistic
19
Q
- Insulin is to glucagon as _____ is to _____.
a. parathyroid hormone; calcitriol
b. epinephrine; aldosterone
c. calcitonin; parathyroid hormone
d. thyroid hormone; growth hormone
A
calcitonin; parathyroid hormone
20
Q
- T3 is converted to T4 by target cells.
a. true
b. false
A
False
21
Q
- Hydrophobic hormones require a second messenger to have an effect.
a. true
b. false
A
False
22
Q
- In the thyroid gland, which of the following produce calcitonin?
a. calcitone cells
b. follicular cells
c. colloidal cells
d. parafollicular cells
A
Parafollicular cells
23
Q
- Hypoadrenocorticism is sometimes called Addison’s disease.
a. true
b. false
A
True
24
Q
- Which type of cell in the islets of Langerhans produce glucagon?
a. alpha
b. beta
c. delta
d. gamma
A
Alpha
25
41. Gigantism occurs before growth plates close.
a. true
b. false
True
26
1. The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from all of the following EXCEPT the _____.
a. right side of the head
b. right side of the neck
c. right leg
d. right arm
Right leg
27
2. Which of the following is known as the “chief enemy of bacteria”?
a. neutrophils
b. basophils
c. lymphocytes
d. monocytes
Neutrophils
28
3. Every B cell or T cell recognizes only one antigen.
a. true
b. false
True
29
4. Which of the following is NOT true for T-cell dependent B-cell activation?
a. it is more common that T-independent
b. it requires a Th2 cell
c. it has a more robust response than T-independent
d. there are no memory cells produced
There are no memory cells produced
30
5. Precipitation is the clumping of cellular pathogens.
a. true
b. false
False
31
6. During artificial active immunity no memory B cells are produced.
a. true
b. false
False
32
10. Which class of antibodies can cross the placenta?
a. IgA
b. IgG
c. IgD
d. IgE
IgG
33
14. Macrophages would be part of the _____ line of defense.
a. first
b. second
c. third
Second
34
17. How do natural killer cells cause the death of their target cell?
a. forming a membrane attack complex
b. trapping the pathogen in place until it dies
c. perforins and granzymes to trigger apoptosis
d. recruiting cytotoxic T cells
Perforins and granzymes to trigger apoptosis
35
18. MHC II proteins display components of intracellular pathogens.
a. true
b. false
False; extracellular
36
19. Histamine is released by _____.
a. B cells and T cells
b. red blood cells and neutrophils
c. mast cells and basophils
d. natural killer cells and eosinophils
MAST cells and basophils
37
20. Where do T cells undergo positive and negative selection?
a. positive – thymic medulla; negative – thymic cortex
b. positive – thymic cortex; negative – thymic medulla
c. positive – bone marrow; negative – thymic cortex
d. positive – thymic medulla; negative – bone marrow
Positive- thymic cortex; negative-thymic medulla
38
21. Which of the following are part of the second line of defense?
a. natural killer cells
b. mucous membranes
c. neutrophils
d. complement proteins
All but mucous membranes
39
22. The immune system is a true organ system.
a. true
b. false
False
40
29. Which component of the alpha beta T cell receptor binds to the antigen?
a. variable region
b. constant region
c. alpha region
d. beta region
Variable region
41
30. Mature T helper cells express which of the following?
a. CD4+; CD8+
b. CD4-; CD8-
c. CD4-; CD8+
d. CD4+; CD8-
CD4+; CD8-
42
31. Which of the following is NOT phagocytic?
a. macrophage
b. neutrophil
c. dendritic cell
d. natural killer cell
NK Cell
43
33. Which of the following releases histamine to initiate an inflammatory response?
a. natural killer cell
b. T cell
c. B cell
d. mast cell
Mast cell
44
34. What organ produces the complement proteins?
a. liver
b. spleen
c. pancreas
d. red bone marrow
Liver
45
35. T cell independent activation of B cells will result in production of memory B cells?
a. true
b. false
False
46
36. Monocytes differentiate into macrophages when they leave the blood and enter the tissue.
a. true
b. false
True
47
Which of the following is an effect of glucagon?
breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue
48
Put the following layers of an adrenal gland in order from superficial to deep.
Glomerulosa
Fasciculata
Reticularis
Adrenal medulla
49
In what ways are the hormonal effects of epinephrine/norepinephrine and the glucocorticoids similar?
Both increase blood glucose and promote breakdown of stored fats.
50
Your patient has a moon-shaped face, rapid weight gain, and is often sick. You suspect an overproduction of _____.
Glucocorticoids
51
Long term stress can cause immunosuppression due to increased production of hormones by the zona _____.
zona fasciculata
52
Hypokalemia (low blood potassium) will increase aldosterone secretion. True or false
False
53
Parathyroid hormone will decrease calcium levels in the urine. True or false
True
54
Parathyroid hormone stimulates production of calcitriol. True or false
True
55
Which of the following hormones produced by the thyroid gland is hydrophilic?
Calcitonin
56
Why do high levels of cortisol cause a decrease in secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
ACTH participates in a negative feedback loop with cortisol.
57
Oxytocin release is controlled by positive feedback. True or false
True
58
Hormones that stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary are produced by the hypothalamus. True or false
True
59
What statement is TRUE of peptide hormones?
They are chains of amino acids
60
When epinephrine binds to a receptor the result can be _____ depending on the _____.
Increase or decreased cAMP; receptor
61
Place the following in order for cAMP production:
Increase protein kinase activity
Adenylyl cyclase activation
g-protein activation
cAMP production
G-protein activation
adenylyl cyclase production
cAMP production
Increase protein kinase activity
62
How is the secondary response affected if memory B cells for a particular pathogen are not present?
the secondary response would not occur.
63
The _____ region determines the epitope binding specificity of an antibody.
variable region
64
The destruction of B cells in the bone marrow that would otherwise attack host tissues is _____ tolerance
Central tolerance
65
The elimination of self-reactive thymocytes is called _____.
negative selection
66
Which type of T cell is most effective against viral infections?
Cytotoxic
67
Th2 cells help activate B cells. True or false
True
68
Individual T cells can respond to multiple epitopes. True or false
False
69
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
Draining blood into the right atrium of the heart
70
If the thymus failed to produce thymic hormones, which population of lymphocytes would be affected?
T cells
71
Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that absorb dietary triglycerides are called _____.
Lacteals
72
The lymphoid organ which undergoes involution is the appendix. True or false
False
73
What would you find in Cushing's disease?
___adrenocorticism
___ glycemia
Redistribution of ____ ___
Hyper
Hyper
Body fat
74
What would you find in Addison's disease?
___adrenocorticism
____glycemia
______natremia
______kalemia
Hypo
Hypo
Hypo
Hyper
75
MHC II
_____ t-cell (CD?)
_____cellular
_______ destroyed
Helper CD4
Extra
Indirectly
76
MHC I
_____ t-cell (CD?)
_____cellular
_______ destroyed
Cytotoxic CD8
Intracellular
Directly
77
Steps of cAMP
1. hydrophilic hormone binds to receptor
2. G-protein is activated
3. Activation of adenylyl cyclase
4. Conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP
5. Activation of protein kinases
6. Initiation of phosphorylation cascade
78
Thoracic duct drains which part of the body?
Left side and lower body
79
R Lymphatic duct drains which part of the body?
Right upper body
80
Steroid hormones DO NOT need a _____.
Second messenger
81
Why do patients with hypothyroidism have a goiter?
With decreased levels of circulating thyroid hormone there will be increased levels of thyroid stimulating hormone which will increase the size of the thyroid gland (goiter).
82
Antiinflammatory hormones are produced by the zona _____.
Fasciculata
83
Insulin stimulates triglyceride and protein synthesis. True or false
True
84
T helper 1 cell
secretes cytokines to regulate macrophages and other T cells
85
T helper 2 cell
secretes cytokines to activate B cells
86
Class switching is the ability of a plasma cell to change the class of antibody it produces while maintaining the same specificity.
True
87
central tolerance
tolerance induced in the red bone marrow
88
clonal anergy
self-reactive B cells in the bone marrow that are nonfunctional
89
clonal deletion
removal of self-reactive B cells by apoptosis
90
peripheral tolerance
mature B cell that is rendered nonfunctional due to lack of T helper 2 activation
91
The right lymphatic blood drains lymph into the right subclavian artery. True or false
False
92
Which of the following is not a phagocytic cell?
Basophil
macrophage
eosinophil
neutrophil
Basophil
93
T cells that have passed both positive and negative selection are CD8+ and CD4+ but naïve T cells only express one or the other. True or false
True
94
Negative selection of T cells occurs in the thymic cortex. True or false
False
