Lecture Mod 3 Flashcards
1
Q
- Which of the following best describes the function of the dorsal respiratory group?
a. it only functions in forced breathing
b. it stimulates the ventral respiratory group when its activity is decreased
c. it has both inspiratory and expiratory centers
d. it functions in both quiet and forced breathing
A
d. it functions in both quiet and forced breathing
2
Q
- The blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit is _____ than in the systemic circuit.
a. lower
b. higher
c. the same
d. it depends on if you are inhaling or exhaling
A
Lower
3
Q
- What pressure must exist in the pleural cavity for breathing?
a. positive pressure
b. atmospheric pressure
c. negative pressure
d. zero pressure
A
c. negative pressure
4
Q
- Carbon dioxide is less water soluble than oxygen.
a. true
b. false
A
false
5
Q
- What type of epithelium will you find in the alveoli?
a. simple squamous epithelium
b. simple cuboidal epithelium
c. ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
d. simple columnar epithelium
A
a. simple squamous epithelium
6
Q
- The ventral respiratory group is involved in passive breathing only.
a. true
b. false
A
False
7
Q
- What is the primary role of the mucociliary escalator?
a. to trap pathogens and debris in mucus
b. to prevent lung collapse during exhalation
c. to increase oxygen absorption in the alveoli
d. to increase airflow into the lungs
A
a. to trap pathogens and debris in mucus
8
Q
- Which part of the brain controls normal, rhythmic breathing?
a. ventral respiratory group
b. dorsal respiratory group
c. apneustic center
d. pneumotaxic center
A
b. dorsal respiratory group
9
Q
- The pharynx is responsible for sound production.
a. true
b. false
A
false
10
Q
- The apneustic center controls the _____ of inspiration and the pneumotaxic center controls the _____ of respiration.
a. rate; volume
b. depth; rate
c. depth; volume
d. rate; force
A
b. depth; rate
11
Q
- Hyperventilation can cause hypocapnia.
a. true
b. false
A
true
12
Q
- More BPG leads to _____ release.
a. more CO2
b. more O2
c. less O2
d. more N2
A
More O2
13
Q
- Hypoventilation may cause hypercapnia.
a. true
b. false
A
true
14
Q
- What is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
a. secretion
b. filtration
c. reabsorption
d. generation of an osmolarity gradient
A
c. reabsorption
15
Q
- The primary mechanism for renal autoregulation of GFR is changing the luminal diameter of the efferent arterioles.
a. true
b. false
A
false
16
Q
- Which hormone increases the insertion of aquaporins in the collecting duct?
a. aldosterone
b. antidiuretic hormone
c. atrial natriuretic peptide
d. renin
A
b. antidiuretic hormone
17
Q
- Where in the kidneys will you find the renal corpuscles?
a. renal cortex
b. renal medulla
c. renal pyramid
d. renal pelvis
A
a. renal cortex
18
Q
- In which part of the loop of Henle will you find salt channels?
a. descending limb
b. ascending limb
A
b. ascending limb
19
Q
- Which part of the tubule sends feedback in tubuloglomerular feedback?
a. loop of Henle (aquaporins)
b. distal convoluted tubule (macula densa)
c. proximal convoluted tubule (reabsorption cells)
d. proximal convoluted tubule (secretion cells)
A
b. distal convoluted tubule (macula densa)
20
Q
- Which of the following describes the removal of additional solutes from the blood?
a. filtration
b. reabsorption
c. secretion
A
c. secretion
21
Q
- What is the name for the modified smooth muscle cells that surround the afferent arteriole?
a. macula densa
b. intraglomerular mesangial cells
c. extraglomerular mesandial cells
d. juxtaglomerular cells
A
d. juxtaglomerular cells
22
Q
- The distal convoluted tubule cells are _____.
a. simple cuboidal epithelium
b. simple squamous epithelium
c. simple columnar epithelium
d. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
A
a. simple cuboidal epithelium
23
Q
- Fluid flows towards the renal pelvis in the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
a. true
b. false
A
true
24
Q
- Which of the following is NOT true regarding the composition of urine?
a. it reflects tubular filtration and tubular secretion
b. all solutes are secreted and reabsorbed
c. creatine has minimal reabsorption
d. some urea is reabsorbed
A
b. all solutes are secreted and reabsorbed
25
23. Which of the following allows the majority of tubular reabsorption?
a. the Na+ gradient
b. the K+ gradient
c. simple diffusion
d. leak channels
a. the Na+ gradient
26
24. When GFR drops which of the following will the hypothalamus do?
a. increase ADH production
b. activation of angiotensin II
c. release or renin
d. release of aldosterone
a. increase ADH production
27
25. Which of the following changes the number of Na+ in the plasma membrane?
a. antidiuretic hormone
b. aldosterone
c. atrial natriuretic peptide
b. aldosterone
28
26. Which of the following does NOT cause renin release?
a. decrease in blood pressure at the glomerulus
b. stimulation by the sympathetic division
c. decrease in tubular fluid flow rate
d. damage to the filtration membrane
d. damage to the filtration membrane
29
28. Blood enters the nephron through the _____.
a. afferent arteriole
b. efferent arteriole
c. peritubular capillaries
d. renal veins
a. afferent arteriole
30
1. Which if the following is the major cation of the extracellular fluid?
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. chloride
d. phosphate
a. sodium
31
2. Which of the following has the greatest effect on plasma osmolarity?
a. antidiuretic hormone
b. aldosterone
c. angiotensin II
d. atrial natriuretic peptide
ADH
32
9. Which of the following is the major cation of the intracellular fluid?
a. potassium
b. phosphate
c. chloride
d. sodium
K
33
11. Which of the following will have the largest effect on blood tonicity?
a. aldosterone
b. antidiuretic hormone
c. parathyroid hormone
d. atrial natriuretic peptide
ADH
34
14. Chloride is the major cation of the ICF.
a. true
b. false
false
35
15. Most of the total body water is found in the _____.
a. ICF
b. ECF
c. it depends
ICF
36
22. Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.
a. true
b. false
false
37
24. Hyperkalemia results in the resting membrane potential being more negative.
a. true
b. false
false
