Ionic Bonding and Compounds

Question 1

What is an ion?

Answer 1

A charged particle — it can be a single atom or a group of atoms.

Question 2

What is a negative ion (anion)?

Answer 2

An atom that has gained electrons.

Question 3

What is a positive ion (cation)?

Answer 3

An atom that has lost electrons.

Question 4

How is the charge on an ion determined?

Answer 4

By the number of electrons lost or gained.
E.g. Lose 2 → 2⁺, Gain 3 → 3⁻

Question 5

What ions do Group 1 elements form?

Answer 5

1⁺ ions.

Question 6

What ions do Group 2 elements form?

Answer 6

2⁺ ions.

Question 7

What ions do Group 3 elements form?

Answer 7

3⁺ ions.

Question 8

What ions do Group 5 elements form?

Answer 8

3⁻ ions.

Question 9

What ions do Group 6 elements form?

Answer 9

2⁻ ions.

Question 10

What ions do Group 7 elements form?

Answer 10

1⁻ ions.

Question 11

Do metals form positive or negative ions?

Answer 11

Positive

Question 12

Do non-metals form positive or negative ions?

Answer 12

Negative

Question 13

What is the ion formula for silver?

Answer 13

Ag⁺

Question 14

What is the ion formula for copper(II)?

Answer 14

Cu²⁺

Question 15

What is the ion formula for ammonium?

Answer 15

NH₄⁺

Question 16

What is the ion formula for hydroxide?

Answer 16

OH⁻

Question 17

What is the ion formula for sulfate?

Answer 17

SO₄²⁻

Question 18

What is the ion formula for carbonate?

Answer 18

CO₃²⁻

Question 19

What is the ion formula for nitrate?

Answer 19

NO₃⁻

Question 20

How are ionic compounds formed?

Answer 20

By the transfer of electrons from metals to non-metals.

Question 21

What holds ionic compounds together? Define ionic bonding

Answer 21

Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions (ionic bond).

Question 22

In sodium chloride, what happens to the sodium atom?

Answer 22

It loses one electron and becomes Na⁺

Question 23

In sodium chloride, what happens to the chlorine atom?

Answer 23

It gains one electron and becomes Cl⁻.

Question 24

What must the overall charge of an ionic compound be?

Answer 24

Zero — charges must balance.

Question 25

What do dot and cross diagrams show in ionic bonding?

Answer 25

The transfer of electrons between atoms.

Question 26

In MgO, what does magnesium do?

Answer 26

Loses two electrons to form Mg²⁺.

Question 27

In MgO, what does oxygen do?

Answer 27

Gains two electrons to form O²⁻.

Question 28

What structure do ionic compounds have?

Answer 28

Giant 3D ionic lattice.

Question 29

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 29

Due to strong electrostatic forces between ions, which needs a lot of energy to overcome

Question 30

Can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 30

Only when melted or dissolved in water, not solid