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Y1 Cardiovascular > Ischaemic Heart Disease and MI > Flashcards

Ischaemic Heart Disease and MI Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Co-morbidities associated with angina?

A

diabetes, PVD, MI, COPD

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2
Q

Primary prevention for MI is…

A

when there is no history of an MI - trying to prevent happening in first place

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3
Q

Secondary prevention for MI is…

A

when preventing further MIs after a history of having one.or more

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4
Q

GTN side-effects?

A

hypotension, headache

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5
Q

GTNs work as..

A

vasodilators as an NO donor

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6
Q

Calcium antagonists - dihydropyridines - can be given in angina, give some examples…

A

nifedipine, amlodipine

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7
Q

Side effects of CCB such as dihydropyridines?

A

ankle oedema

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8
Q

examples of b-blockers used in angina?

A

atenolol, bisoprolol

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9
Q

K-ATP channel openers used in angina example

A

nicorandil

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10
Q

Side-effects of rate limiting CCB in angina?

A

ankle oedema, heart block

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11
Q

CCB should not be used with?

A

b-blockers

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12
Q

long acting nitrates include?

A

isosorbide mononitrate

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13
Q

side effect of long acting nitrates include:

A

nitrate tolerance

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14
Q

Ivabradine acts on the ______ ______ to slow heart rate

A

funny current

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15
Q

Problem of ivabradine…

A

reduces exercise tolerance due to HR being unable to go above ~80bpm

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16
Q

T wave inversions are a sign of…

A

ischaemia

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17
Q

Extra drug used in NSTEMI treatment - not MONA+C

A

fondaparinux

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18
Q

Fondaparinux is…

A

Factor Xa inhibitor

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19
Q

Why are anti-coagulants given in AF?

A

to stop clots in L.atrium and thus prevent stroke or MI

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20
Q

typical anti-coagulants used in AF?

A

warfarin, rivaroxiban and apixiban

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21
Q

Spironolactone is…

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A

an aldosterone antagonist

22
Q

Side effect of spironolactone

Study These Flashcards
A

hyperkalaemia

23
Q

Ivabradine works in AF - true or false?

24
Q

If a patient’s renal function is reduced on ACEIs, what is the first step?

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A

stop and rechallenge at a lower dose - then consider other treatment if still intolerant

25
Mechanical complications of an Acute MI
VSD, MR (mitral regurgitation), Rupture
26
Angina can be described as...
pressing, squeezing, heaviness, a weight - on exertion, with stress, cold wind, after meals
27
intercostal pain can be described as...
dull, knifelike, stabbing, no pattern, at rest
28
DDx of chest pain
angina, MI, GI, musculoskeletal, pericarditis, pleuritic pain, pulmonary embolus, dissection of the aorta
29
Different methods of determining CHD
Exercise ECG, Perfusion Imaging, CT angiography, angiography
30
Pro of exercise ECG
cheap, reproducible, risk stratification
31
cons of exercise ECG
poor diagnostic accuracy, submaximal test
32
Pros of perfusion imaging
non-invasive, pharmacological stress in less mobile patients, more precision than ETT, risk stratification
33
Cons of perfusion imaging
radiation, false positives and false negatives
34
Pros of CT angiography
non-invasive, anatomical data and risk stratification
35
Cons of CT angiography
radiation, less precise than angiography, cost
36
Pros of angiography
gold standard, anatomical and risk stratification, follow on angioplasty
37
Cons of angiography
risk of death or stroke, radiation, contrast - renal dysfunction, rash, nausea
38
Pharmacological management of CHD
aspirin, b-blockers, statin, ACEI
39
What type of diagnosis is angina?
clinical - based off history and exam
40
Chronic stable angina is a sign of what sort of coronary plaque?
fixed stenosis with demand led ischaemia
41
Acute coronary syndromes include...
unstable angina, NSTEMI, STEMI
42
Unstable angina is a sign of what sort of coronary plaque?
waxing and waning stenosis with increased ischaemia
43
Possible ECG changes in STEMI
ST elevation, T wave inversion, Q waves, new onset LBBB, >1mm ST elevation in 2 adjacent limb leads, >2mm ST elevation in at least 2 contiguous precordial leads
44
Other markers for diagnosis of MI
creatinine kinase, troponin
45
MONA+C stands for...
morphine, oxygen, nitrates, aspirin and clopidogrel
46
Aim for treatment of MI
PCI (STEMI) and Thrombolysis or either
47
Door to balloon time in MI
90 mins
48
Arrhythmic complications of MI
V Fib
49
Structural complications of MI
Cardiac rupture, VSD, Mitral valve regurge, papillary, LV aneurysm, systemic emboli, Inflammation, Acute pericarditis, Dresslers syndrome
50
Functional Complications of MI
acute VFailure, chronic cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock

Y1 Cardiovascular (12 decks)

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