Pathology

Question 1

A clot is…

Answer 1

when blood clots outside a vessel - becomes a bruise

Question 2

Pathway of activated factors in intrinsic pathway?

Answer 2

XII > XI > IX + VIIIa > common pathway

Question 3

Warfarin competes with…

Answer 3

Vitamin K

Question 4

V and VIII are degraded by?

Answer 4

protein C and S

Question 5

Vitamin K is required for which factors? (4)

Answer 5

II, VII, IX and X

Question 6

Vitamin K is required for which factors? (4)

Answer 6

II, VII, IX and X

Question 7

Main anti-clotting proteins

Answer 7

Protein C, protein S and anti-thrombin III

Question 8

II, IX and X are degraded by ?

Answer 8

anti-thrombin III

Question 9

Activated partial thromboplastin time used to measure

Answer 9

the extrinsic pathway

Question 10

Why is stasis an issue?

Answer 10

allows coagulants to slow down and increase contact with each other

Question 11

Glycoproteins IIb and IIIa bind…

Answer 11

fibrinogen

Question 12

Anti-thrombin III degrades

Answer 12

II, IX and X

Question 13

Protein C, protein S and anti-thrombin III are…

Answer 13

main anti-clotting proteins

Question 14

What factors do activated platelets release to attract other platelets? (4)

Answer 14

vWF, platelet activating factor, thromboxane A2, ADP

Question 15

when might thrombosis occur in the arterial system?

Answer 15

where there is atherosclerosis where there might be plaque rupture

Question 16

XII > XI > IX + VIIIa > common pathway is the starting point of which coagulation cascade?

Answer 16

intrinsic pathway

Question 17

Vitamin K is…

Answer 17

fat soluble vitamin stored in the liver

Question 18

Where does turbulence normally occur?

Answer 18

at the bifurcation of the artery

Question 19

What relevance has Poiseuilles Law on the formation of thrombosis?

Answer 19

a small change in vessel radius will have a large effect on flow in the vessel

Question 20

Instrinsic pathway is measured by…

Answer 20

pro-thrombin time

Question 21

What is the main natural clot buster?

Answer 21

plasmin

Question 22

Intrinsic pathway starts with Hageman factor XII and?

Answer 22

Kalikrien

Question 23

Protein C and S degrade

Answer 23

V and VIII

Question 24

Tissue factor –> Tissue factor and VII > common pathway are part of which coagulation cascade?

Answer 24

extrinsic pathway

Question 25

pro-thrombin time is used to measure

Answer 25

the intrinsic pathway function

Question 26

Warfarin overdose can be corrected with...

Answer 26

Vitamin K

Question 27

Start of the extrinsic pathway is...

Answer 27

Tissue factor --\> Tissue factor and VII \> common pathway

Question 28

Infarction is...

Answer 28

death of a tissue as a result of ischaemia

Question 29

Factor V Lieden disorder?

Answer 29

point mutation in factor V where it would normally be targeted by protein C and S

Question 30

Thrombosis is...

Answer 30

a blood clot within a vessel

Question 31

What disease can inhibit the production of which factors

Answer 31

II, VII, IX and X

Question 32

Which factors are involved in the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin?

Answer 32

IIa and XIIIa

Question 33

the start of the extrinsic pathway is...

Answer 33

Tissue factor --\> Tissue factor and VII \> common pathway

Question 34

Secondary causes of hypercoagulability?

Answer 34

Prolonged immobility, significant tissue injury, anti-phospholipid syndrome, MI, AF, Cancer, chemotherapy of many forms, smoking, renal disease

Question 35

Virchows triad

Answer 35

site of endothelial injury; turbulent blood flow; hypercoaguable blood

Question 36

An embolis is...

Answer 36

a thrombus that has dislodged from its original site and travels through the blood

Question 37

The common pathway starts with factor...?

Answer 37

X

Question 38

Two pathways within the coagulation cascade?

Answer 38

intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 39

the extrinsic pathway is measured by the

Answer 39

activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

Question 40

IIa and XIIIa are involved in what process?

Answer 40

converting fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 41

Why is it unusual for thrombosis to occur in the arterial system?

Answer 41

the arterial system is high flow and doesn't really allow for pro-coagulant material to collect

Question 42

when collagen is exposed it binds (3)

Answer 42

von Willebrands factor, glycoproteins IIb and IIIa

Question 43

Endothelial injury may be caused by?

Answer 43

smoking, toxins, autoimmune disease, infectious agents, previous DVT, turbulence

Question 44

Ischaemia is...

Answer 44

an insufficient blood supply to an area

Question 45

Factor IIa is...

Answer 45

thrombin

Question 46

Thrombin is also known as factor...

Answer 46

IIa

Question 47

Pathway of activated factors in intrinsic pathway?

Answer 47

XII \> XI \> IX + VIIIa \> common pathway

Question 48

Formation of a thrombus required 2 things...

Answer 48

platelet activation and fibrin production

Question 49

Autoimmune disease likely to cause endothelial injury

Answer 49

primary vasculitis

Question 50

The pathway of the common pathway?

Answer 50

X \> V \> II