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Y1 Cardiovascular > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

PR interval length?

A

0.12 - 0.2 secs

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2
Q

ST elevation in lead V4 indicates what location of MI?

A

Anterior

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3
Q

What should be given in chronic AF?

A

rate limiting drug and anticoagulation

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4
Q

What are U waves?

A

deflections following a T wave

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5
Q

Complete heart block shows what changes on an ECG?

A

absence of AVN conduction, typically bradycardia with uncoupled atrial and ventricular activity

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6
Q

treatment of symptomatic mobitz type I

A

atropine

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7
Q

If bradycardia is symptomatic or less than 40bpm then treat with…

A

atropine

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8
Q

What two rhythms are shockable?

A

VF and pulseless VT

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9
Q

Causes of Mobitz type II

A

anterior MI, Surgery, SLE, rheumatic fever, hyperkalaemia

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10
Q

ST elevation in lead III indicates what location of MI?

A

Inferior

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11
Q

ST elevation in lead aVL indicates what location of MI?

A

Lateral

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12
Q

Pathological Q waves may occur when…

A

There has been recent infarction

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13
Q

Hyperkalaemia may cause which ECG changes?

A

absent P waves, tall tented T waves, widened QRS

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14
Q

ST elevation in lead I indicates what artery in the MI?

A

Circumflex

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15
Q

ECG changes in Mobitz type II heart block?

A

intermittent non-conducted P waves with no PR prolongation. Usually 2:1 or 3:1

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16
Q

HR is determined in bpm as what with the large squares on the ECG paper?

A

300/no. of large squares between beats

300/no. of large squares between R-R

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17
Q

What happens in the TP segment?

A

Ventricular Diastole

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18
Q

QT interval length?

A

0.36 -0.44 secs

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19
Q

What are pathological Q waves?

A

> 0.04s wide and >2mm deep

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20
Q

The WilliaM pattern in V1 and V6 can be seen in which condition?

A

Right bundle branch block

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21
Q

Normal p wave length

A

0.08-0.1 sec

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22
Q

ST elevation in lead V3 indicates what location of MI?

A

Anterior

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23
Q

Notched QRS complexes indicate…

A

Left bundle branch block

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24
Q

ST elevation in lead V1 indicates what location of MI?

A

Septal

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25
Which Lead normally provides the ECG rhythm strip?
Lead 2
26
What can be seen in First degree heart block?
prolonged PR interval >200ms
27
What are pathological Q waves a sign of...
infarction
28
Hypokalaemia may cause which ECG changes?
small T waves, prominent U waves
29
ST elevation in lead V2 indicates what location of MI?
Septal
30
ST elevation may be seen in what situations?
MI, acute pericarditis, LV aneurysm
31
One large box on 25mm/sec ECG paper is approx ____ secs
0.2 secs
32
An absence of P waves indicates what rhythm?
AF
33
T wave inversion is normal in leads V1-V3 in which groups of people
black patients and children
34
T wave inversion is indicative of ________ in aVL and V4-6
Ischaemia
35
One small box on 25mm/sec ECG paper is approx ____ secs
0.04 secs
36
The MorroW patter in V1 and V6 can be seen in which condition?
Left bundle branch block
37
ST elevation in lead I indicates what location of MI?
Lateral
38
What causes the PR interval?
AV nodal delay
39
Causes of first degree heart block
increased vagal tone, physical fitness, hyperkalaemia, inferior MI, AVN blocking drugs i.e. amiodarone
40
Normal axis of the heart is...
-30 to 90 degrees
41
Sinus bradycardia is...
HR<60bpm
42
Causes of complete heart block
inferior MI, AVN blocking drugs, idiopathic disease
43
ST elevation in lead aVF indicates what location of MI?
Inferior
44
Causes of sinus bradycardia are...
physical fitness, vasovagal attacks, sick sinus syndrome, acute MI (inferior), drugs (b-blockers)
45
What artery is affect by an MI in septal area of the heart?
Left anterior descending
46
Sinus tachycardia is...
HR >100bpm
47
ECG changes in Mobitz type I heart block
progressive lengthening of PR until drop of a QRS
48
An ST elevation in acute pericarditis differs how?
saddle shaped
49
What artery is affect by an MI in inferior area of the heart?
Right coronary artery
50
Where may non-pathological Q waves occur?
In V5/6, aVL and I
51
Signs of ventricular hypertrophy in the ECG
Voltage changes within QRS >20mm
52
3 reasons for using a 12 lead ECG
1. determine the axis of the heart in the thorax 2. Looking for ST segment changes in different regions of the heart - Ischaemic Heart Disease 3. Voltage criteria changes - chamber hypertrophy
53
In pulmonary embolism, what ECG change might be seen?
T wave inversion or ST depression in V1/2 and also potentially II, III and aVF
54
Hypocalcaemia cause what ECG changes?
Long QT with small T waves
55
A normal resting ECG does not exclude...(3)
1. MI - may or may not have ST elevation 2. Intermittent rhythm disturbance - ambulatory ECG 3. Stable Angina - Exercise ECG (ST changes)
56
ST elevation in lead V5 indicates what location of MI?
Lateral
57
Hypercalcaemia cause what ECG changes?
Short QT interval
58
What happens during the ST segment?
Ventricular Systole
59
T wave inversion may indicate which conditions
ischaemia, HCM, pulmonary embolism
60
Normal QRS complex length
<0.1 sec
61
What artery is affect by an MI in anterior area of the heart?
Right coronary artery
62
ST elevation in lead II indicates what artery involved in an MI?
Right coronary artery
63
ST elevation in lead II indicates what location of MI?
Inferior
64
What artery is affect by an MI in lateral area of the heart?
Circumflex
65
Causes of AF...
IHD, Thyrotoxicosis, hypertension, caffeine, alcohol
66
ST elevation in lead V6 indicates what location of MI?
Lateral
67
Causes of Mobitz type I heart block
b-blockers, CCBs, digoxin, increased vagal tone, inferior MI, cardiac surgery
68
Drugs that can be used to control ventricular rate in AF?
verapamil, b-blockers
69
Causes of sinus tachycardia are...
Exercise, anemia, pain, fever, sepsis, HF, PE and caffeine
70
Which type of heart block is more serious? Mobitz type I or Mobitz type II...why?
Mobitz type II as it is more likely to progress to complete heart block

Y1 Cardiovascular (12 decks)

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