Jean Watson - Philosophy and Theory of Transpersonal Caring Flashcards
What is a trait often require of nurses
Compassion
thinking related to intentionality connects with the concepts of consciousness, energy
Watsons’ Philosophy of Human Caring
What are the Major Elements
Clinical caritas processes (Carative)
Transpersonal caring relationships
Caring moments/caring occasions
List the 10 Original Factors
- Formation of a humanistic–altruistic system of values
- Instillation of faith–hope
- Cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others
- Development of a helping–trusting, human caring relationship
- Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings
- Systematic use of a creative problem solving caring process
- Promotion of transpersonal teaching– learning
- Provision for a supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, spiritual environment
- Assistance with gratification of human needs
- Allowance for existential phenomenological– spiritual forces
Begins developmentally at an early age with values shared with the parents.
Mediated through one’s own life experiences, the learning one gains and exposure to the humanities.
Is perceived as necessary to the nurse’s own maturation which then promotes altruistic behavior towards others.
What original factor
THE FORMATION OF A HUMANISTIC ALTRUISTIC SYSTEM OF VALUES
Is essential to both the carative and the curative processes.
When modern science has nothing further to offer the person, the nurse can continue to use ________ to provide a sense of well-being through beliefs which are meaningful to the individual
What original factor
FAITH-HOPE
Explores the need of the nurse to begin to feel an emotion as
it presents itself.
Development of one’s own feelings is needed to interact genuinely and sensitively with others.
Striving to become sensitive makes the nurse more authentic, which encourages self-growth and self- actualization, in both the nurse and those with whom the nurse interacts.
The nurses promote health and higher level functioning only when they form a person to person relationship
What original factor
CULTIVATION OF SENSITIVITY TO ONE’S SELF AND TO OTHERS
Understanding the person’s perception of the situation assists the nurse to prepare a cognitive plan.
Strongest tool is the mode of communication, which establishes rapport and caring.
What original factor
ESTABLISHING A HELPING-TRUST RELATIONSHIP
“Feelings alter thoughts and behavior, and they need to be considered and allowed for in a caring relationship”.
Awareness of the feelings helps to understand the behavior it engenders.
What original factor
THE EXPRESSION OF FEELINGS, BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
According to Watson, the scientific problem- solving method is the only method that allows for control and prediction, and that permits self-correction.
She also values the relative nature of nursing and supports the need to examine and develop the other methods of knowing to provide a holistic perspective.
The science of caring should not always be neutral and objective.
What original factor
THE SYSTEMATIC USE OF THE SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM-SOLVING METHOD FOR DECISION MAKING
The caring nurse must focus on the learning process as much as the teaching process.
Understanding the person’s perception of the situation assists the nurse to prepare a cognitive plan.
What original factor
PROMOTION OF INTERPERSONAL TEACHING-LEARNING
Watson divides these into external and internal variables, which the nurse manipulates in order to provide support and protection for the person’s mental and physical well- being.
The external and internal environments are interdependent.
Watson suggests that the nurse also must provide comfort, privacy and safety as a part of this carative factor.
What original factor
PROVISION FOR A SUPPORTIVE, PROTECTIVE AND /OR CORRECTIVE MENTAL, PHYSICAL, SOCIO CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL ENVIRONMENT
It is grounded in a hierarchy of need similar to that of the
Maslow’s has created a hierarchy which she believes is relevant to the science of caring in nursing.
According to her, each need is equally important for quality nursing care and the promotion of optimal health.
All the needs deserve to be attended to and valued
What original factor
ASSISTANCE WITH THE GRATIFICATION OF HUMAN NEEDS
Phenomenology is a way of understanding people from the way things appear to them, from their frame of reference
This factor helps the nurse to reconcile and mediate the incongruity of viewing the person holistically while at the same time attending to the hierarchical ordering of needs.
Thus the nurse assists the person to find the strength or courage to confront life or death.
What original factor
ALLOWANCE FOR EXISTENTIAL-PHENOMENOLOGICAL FORCES
What are Watson’s Ordering of Needs
Top of Pyramid
Self-Actualization
Psychosocial needs
Psychophysical needs
Biophysical needs
Bottom of Pyramid
