Joints Flashcards
1
Q
What are joints
A
Where bones articulate (move)
2
Q
What are joints made up of (5)
A
- Ligaments
- Tendons
- Synovial Fluid
- Articular Cartilage
- Joint Capsule
3
Q
What do ligaments do (2)
A
- connect bone to bone
- give joints stability
4
Q
What do tendons do
A
join muscle to bone
5
Q
What does synovial fluid do
A
lubricates joint
6
Q
What does articular cartilage do (2)
A
- absorb shock
- prevent friction
7
Q
Where is articular cartilage found
A
ends of bones
8
Q
What do joint capsules do (2)
A
- strengthens joint
- releases synovial fluid
9
Q
How do bones move
A
muscles pull bones (can’t push)
10
Q
What do muscles work in
A
antagonistic pairs
11
Q
which muscle is agonist
A
working muscle
12
Q
which muscle is antagonist
A
relaxing muscle
13
Q
what is agonist responsible for
A
creating movement at joint
14
Q
concentric contraction
A
muscle shortening under tension
15
Q
what is antagonist responsible for
A
providing resistance for co-ordinated movement
16
Q
antagonist is normally ________
A
relaxing
17
Q
eccentric contraction
A
muscle lengthening under tension
18
Q
what is a fixator
A
muscle that stabilises a joint
19
Q
what does a fixator allow an agonist to do
A
produce a movement
20
Q
isometric contraction
A
muscle is contracting but not moving
(e.g rugby scrum)
21
Q
Elbow joint type
A
hinge
22
Q
bones that articulate elbow (3)
A
- humerus
- radius
- ulna
23
Q
movements elbow joint can perform (2)
A
- flexion
- extension
24
Q
elbow antagonistic pair
A
- bicep brachii
- tricep brachii
25
elbow flexion agonist
bicep brachii
26
elbow flexion antagonist
tricep brachii
27
elbow extension agonist
tricep brachii
28
elbow extension antagonist
bicep brachii
29
elbow joint plane of movement
sagittal
30
knee joint type
hinge
31
bone that articulate knee (3)
- femur
- tibia
- fibula
32
movements knee joint can perform (2)
- flexion
- extension
33
knee joint antagonistic pair
- rectus femoris
- bicep femoris
34
knee flexion agonist
bicep femoris
35
knee flexion antagonist
rectus femoris
36
knee extension agonist
rectus femoris
37
knee extension antagonist
bicep femoris
38
knee joint plane of movement
sagittal
39
ankle joint type
hinge
40
bones that articulate ankle (3)
- tibia
- fibula
- talus
41
movements ankle can perform (2)
- dorsi-flexion
- plantar-flexion
42
ankle dorsi-flexion agonist
tibialis anterior
43
ankle dorsi-flexion antagonist
gastrocnemius
44
ankle plantar-flexion agonist
gastrocnemius
45
ankle plantar-flexion antagonist
tibialis anterior
46
ankle plane of movement
sagittal
47
wrist joint type
condyloid
48
bones that articulate wrist (3)
- radius
- ulna
- carpels
49
movements wrist can perform (2)
- flexion
- extension
50
wrist flexion agonist
wrist flexor
51
wrist flexion antagonist
wrist extensor
52
wrist extension agonist
wrist extensor
53
wrist extension antagonist
wrist flexor
54
wrist plane of movement
sagittal
55
shoulder joint type
ball & socket
56
bones that articulate shoulder (2)
- humerus
- scapula
57
moments shoulder can perform (8)
- flexion
- extension
- adduction
- abduction
- horizontal-flexion
- horizontal-extension
- medial rotation
- lateral rotation
58
shoulder flexion agonist
anterior deltoid
59
shoulder flexion antagonist
posterior deltoid
60
shoulder extension agonist
posterior deltoid
61
shoulder extension antagonist
anterior deltoid
62
shoulder adduction agonist
deltoid
63
shoulder adduction antagonist
latissimus dorsi
64
shoulder abduction agonist
latissimus dorsi
65
shoulder abduction antagonist
deltoid
66
shoulder horizontal-flexion agonist
pectoralis major
67
shoulder horizontal-flexion antagonist
posterior deltoid
68
shoulder horizontal-extension agonist
posterior deltoid
69
shoulder horizontal-extension antagonist
pectoralis major
70
shoulder medial rotation agonist
teras major
71
shoulder medial rotation antagonist
teras minor
72
shoulder lateral rotation agonist
teras minor
73
shoulder lateral rotation antagonist
teras major
74
shoulder flexion & extension plane of movement
sagittal
75
shoulder adduction & abduction plane of movement
frontal
76
shoulder horizontal flexion & extension plane of movement
transverse
77
shoulder medial & lateral rotation plane of movement
transverse
78
hip joint type
ball & socket
79
bones that articulate hip (2)
- femur
- pelvis
80
movements hip can perform (6)
- flexion
- extension
- adduction
- abduction
- medial rotation
- lateral rotation
81
hip flexion agonist
iliopsoas (groin)
82
hip flexion antagonist
gluteus maximus
83
hip extension agonist
gluteus maximus
84
hip extension antagonist
iliopsoas (groin)
85
hip adduction agonist
adductor longus
86
hip adduction antagonist
gluteus minimus
87
hip abduction agonist
gluteus minimus
88
hip abduction antagonist
adductor longus
89
hip medial rotation agonist
gluteus medius
90
hip medial rotation antagonist
gluteus maximus
91
hip lateral rotation agonist
gluteus maximus
92
hip lateral rotation antagonist
gluteus medius
93
hip flexion & extension plane of movement
sagittal
94
hip adduction & abduction plane of movement
frontal
95
hip medial & lateral rotation plane of movement
transverse
96
define plane of movement
description of three dimensional movements at a joint
97
where does sagittal plane lie
vertically
98
what does sagittal plane divide body into & from where (+ example)
- left & right
- from medial (midline) to lateral (outside)
- e.g. somersault
99
sagittal plane actions (4)
- flexion
- extension
- dorsi-flexion
- plantar-flexion
100
where does frontal plane lie
vertically
101
what does frontal plane divide body into (+ example)
- anterior (front) & posterior (back)
- e.g. cartwheel
102
frontal plane actions (2)
- adduction
- abduction
103
where does transverse plane lie
horizontally
104
what does transverse plane divide body into
- superior (upper) & inferior (lower)
105
transverse plane actions (2)
- horizontal-flexion
- horizontal-extension
