Joints

Question 1

Synarthrosis classifications:

Answer 1

-no movement
-fibrous, bony connections
-may fuse over time
-strong

Question 2

4 types of synarthrosis joints

Answer 2

-suture
-gomphosis
-synchondrosis
-synostosis

Question 3

Suture

Answer 3

-skull only
-bony fusion
-bound by dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 4

Gomphosis

Answer 4

-fibrous
-teeth to gums

Question 5

Synchondrosis

Answer 5

-rigid cartilaginous bridge between two bones
-epiphyseal cartilage of long bones

Question 6

Synostosis

Answer 6

-fused bones, immovable

Question 7

Amphiarthrosis classifications

Answer 7

– little movement
– fibrous or cartilaginous connections
– stronger than freely movable joint

Question 8

What are the two types of amphiarthrosis joints?

Answer 8

syndesmosis and symphasis

Question 9

Syndesmosis

Answer 9

bones connected by ligaments

Question 10

Symphysis

Answer 10

bones separated by cartilage such as the pubic synthesis

Question 11

Diarthrosis classifications

Answer 11

-more movement
-end of long bones

Question 12

Cartilage

Answer 12

used for cushions

Question 13

Fat pads

Answer 13

used for protection

Question 14

Ligaments

Answer 14

used for support

Question 15

Tendons

Answer 15

used for support and attaches to muscles

Question 16

Bursae

Answer 16

used for cushions where tendons and ligaments rub

Question 17

What are the different synovial joints?

Answer 17

Gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoidal, saddle, ball-and-socket.

Question 18

Gliding joint

Answer 18

– Flattened or slightly curved faces
– Limited motion

Question 19

Hinge joint

Answer 19

Angular motion in a single plane

ex: elbow, knee, or ankle

Question 20

Pivot joint

Answer 20

Rotation only

ex: atlas/axis

Question 21

Ellipsoidal joint

Answer 21

– Oval articular face within a depression
– Motion in 2 planes (biaxial)

Question 22

Saddle joint

Answer 22

two concave faces, straddled

Question 23

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer 23

– Round articular face in a depression

ex: shoulder or hip

Question 24

C2 to L5 spinal
vertebrae articulate:

Answer 24

-at inferior and superior articular surfaces (gliding joints)

-between adjacent vertebral bodies (symphyseal joints)

Question 25

Slipped disc

Answer 25

-bulge in anulus fibrosus -invades vertebral cavity

Question 26

Herniated disc

Answer 26

– nucleus pulposus breaks through anulus fibrosus – presses on spinal cord or nerves

Question 27

Glenohumeral joint (aka shoulder joint)

Answer 27

– allows more motion than any other joint – is the least stable – supported by skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments * Ball-and-socket diarthrosis

Question 28

The elbow joint

Answer 28

A stable hinge joint -With articulations between humerus, radius, and ulna - Humeroulnar joint: – trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna – limited movement -Humeroradial joint: – smaller articulation – capitulum of humerus and head of radius

Question 29

Hip joint

Answer 29

Also called coxal joint * Strong ball-and-socket diarthrosis * Wide range of motion * Head of femur fits in it * Socket of acetabulum * Which is extended by fibrocartilage acetabular labrum

Question 30

The knee joint

Answer 30

A complicated hinge joint * Transfers weight from femur to tibia * 2 femur–tibia articulations: – at medial and lateral condyles – 1 between patella and patellar surface of femur * Medial and lateral menisci: – fibrocartilage pads – at femur–tibia articulations – cushion and stabilize joint – give lateral support

Question 31

Rheumatism

Answer 31

A pain and stiffness of skeletal and muscular systems

Question 32

Osteoarthritis

Answer 32

Caused by wear and tear of joint surfaces, or genetic factors affecting collagen formation, generally in people over age 60

Question 33

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 33

An inflammatory condition, caused by infection, allergy, or autoimmune disease, involves the immune system, any age

Question 34

Gouty Arthritis

Answer 34

Occurs when crystals (uric acid or calcium salts) form within synovial fluid due to metabolic disorders