Tissues Flashcards

(63 cards)

1
Q

Tissue

A

group of similar cells, in close proximity, organized to perform one of more specific functions.

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2
Q

What are the four classes of tissues?

A

-epithelial
-connective
-muscle
-nervous

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3
Q

What are the 4 functions of epithelia?

A

-providing physical protection
-control permeability
-provide sensation
-produce specialized secretions

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4
Q

Three specializations of epithelial cells:

A

-move fluids OVER the epithelium
-move fluids THROUGH the epithelium
-produce secretions

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5
Q

Microvilli

A

increase surface area, absorption, and secretion

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6
Q

Cilia

A

move fluids across the epithelium

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7
Q

Simple epithelium

A

single layer of cells

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8
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

several layers of cells

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9
Q

Squamous epithelium

A

flat shaped

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10
Q

Cuboidal epithelium

A

square shaped

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11
Q

Columnar epithelium

A

tall shaped

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12
Q

Mesothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium that lines body cavities

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13
Q

Endothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium that lines heart and blood vessels

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14
Q

Simple squamous function

A

absorption and diffusion

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15
Q

stratified squamous function

A

protects against attacks

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16
Q

simple cuboidal function

A

secretion and absorption

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17
Q

stratified cuboidal function

A

make up sweat and mammary glands

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18
Q

simple columnar function

A

absorption and secretion

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19
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium function

A

involves cilia movement of mucous

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20
Q

stratified columnar function

A

protection

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21
Q

Endocrine glands

A

release hormones into interstitial fluid

does not have ducts

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22
Q

Exocrine glands

A

produce secretions into epithelial surfaces through ducts

ex: breast milk from mild ducts

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23
Q

Merocrine secretion

A

-produced in the golgi apparatus
-released by vesicles through exocytosis

ex: sweat glands

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24
Q

Apocrine secretion

A

-produced in the golgi apparatus
-are released by shedding cytoplasm

ex: mammary gland

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25
Holocrine secretion
-released by cells bursting; killing gland cells -cells are then replaced by stem cells ex: sebaceous gland
26
3 characteristics of connective tissue
-specialized cells -solid extracellular (protein fibers) -fluid extracellular (ground substance)
27
Connective tissue:
-connects epithelium to the rest of the body -provides structure (bone) -stores energy (fat) -transports materials (blood) -has no contact with the environment
28
Loose connective tissue
has more ground substance; less fibers ex: fat or adipose tissue
29
Dense connective tissue
has more fibers and less ground substance ex: tendons
30
Connective tissue proper function
connect and protect
31
fluid connective tissue function
transport
32
supportive connective tissue function
structural strength
33
True or false: Collagen fibers are the most common fibers in connective tissue proper
TRUE ex: ligaments or tendons
34
Reticular fibers
network of interwoven fibers that is strong and flexible resists force in many directions ex: sheaths around organs
35
Elastic fibers
contain elastin and return to original length after stretching ex: elastic ligaments of vertebrae
36
Ground substance
clear, colorless, and viscous fills spaces between cells and slows pathagens
37
Areolar tissue
least specialized elastic fibers holds blood vessels and capillary beds
38
Adipose tissue
white fat or brown fat
39
Reticular tissue
supports fibers that support functional cells and reticular organs
40
Dense regular connective tissue function
-attachment and stabilization ex: tendons and ligaments that go in the same direction
41
Dense irregular connection tissue function
-interwoven networks of collagen fibers -layered in skin, around cartilage and bones
42
Fluid connective tissue consists of:
blood and lymph
43
Cartilage
gel-like ground substance
44
Bone
calcified and used for structure
45
Three types of cartilage
elastic, fibrocartilage, hyaline
46
Fibrocartilage characteristics
-limits movement -prevents bone to bone contact -pads knee joints
47
Bone cells (osteocytes)
arranged around central glands within a matric
48
Periosteum
covers bony surfaces
49
Membranes
physical barriers that line or cover portions of the body -created by epithelium + connective tisssue
50
Mucous membranes
line passageways that have external connections
51
Serous membranes
-line cavities and are not open to the outside -have fluid to reduce friction
52
Cutaneous membrane
skin on the surface of the body
53
Synovial membranes
-line moving joint cavities -produce synovial fluid -protects the ends of bone
54
3 types of muscle
-skeletal -cardiac -smooth
55
Skeletal muscle cells in appearance are:
striated, voluntary, and multi-nucleated
56
Cardiac muscle
-cardiocytes -form branching networks connected at intercalated disks -striated, voluntary, and single-nucleated
57
Smooth muscle
-small and tapered -can divide and regenerate -nonstriated, involuntary, and single nucleus
58
Neural tissue is concentrated in:
the brain and spinal cord
59
Neurons
-nerve cells -perform electrical communication
60
Neuroglia
provide homeostatic, structural and metabolic support of neurons
61
Cell body of the neuron
contains nucleus and nucleolus
62
Dendrites of the neuron
-short branches extending from the cell body -receive incoming signals
63
Axon of the neuron
-long, thin extension of the cell body -carries outgoing electrical signals to their destination