Tissues

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

group of similar cells, in close proximity, organized to perform one of more specific functions.

Question 2

What are the four classes of tissues?

Answer 2

-epithelial
-connective
-muscle
-nervous

Question 3

What are the 4 functions of epithelia?

Answer 3

-providing physical protection
-control permeability
-provide sensation
-produce specialized secretions

Question 4

Three specializations of epithelial cells:

Answer 4

-move fluids OVER the epithelium
-move fluids THROUGH the epithelium
-produce secretions

Question 5

Microvilli

Answer 5

increase surface area, absorption, and secretion

Question 6

Cilia

Answer 6

move fluids across the epithelium

Question 7

Simple epithelium

Answer 7

single layer of cells

Question 8

Stratified epithelium

Answer 8

several layers of cells

Question 9

Squamous epithelium

Answer 9

flat shaped

Question 10

Cuboidal epithelium

Answer 10

square shaped

Question 11

Columnar epithelium

Answer 11

tall shaped

Question 12

Mesothelium

Answer 12

simple squamous epithelium that lines body cavities

Question 13

Endothelium

Answer 13

simple squamous epithelium that lines heart and blood vessels

Question 14

Simple squamous function

Answer 14

absorption and diffusion

Question 15

stratified squamous function

Answer 15

protects against attacks

Question 16

simple cuboidal function

Answer 16

secretion and absorption

Question 17

stratified cuboidal function

Answer 17

make up sweat and mammary glands

Question 18

simple columnar function

Answer 18

absorption and secretion

Question 19

pseudostratified columnar epithelium function

Answer 19

involves cilia movement of mucous

Question 20

stratified columnar function

Answer 20

protection

Question 21

Endocrine glands

Answer 21

release hormones into interstitial fluid

does not have ducts

Question 22

Exocrine glands

Answer 22

produce secretions into epithelial surfaces through ducts

ex: breast milk from mild ducts

Question 23

Merocrine secretion

Answer 23

-produced in the golgi apparatus
-released by vesicles through exocytosis

ex: sweat glands

Question 24

Apocrine secretion

Answer 24

-produced in the golgi apparatus
-are released by shedding cytoplasm

ex: mammary gland

Question 25

Holocrine secretion

Answer 25

-released by cells bursting; killing gland cells -cells are then replaced by stem cells ex: sebaceous gland

Question 26

3 characteristics of connective tissue

Answer 26

-specialized cells -solid extracellular (protein fibers) -fluid extracellular (ground substance)

Question 27

Connective tissue:

Answer 27

-connects epithelium to the rest of the body -provides structure (bone) -stores energy (fat) -transports materials (blood) -has no contact with the environment

Question 28

Loose connective tissue

Answer 28

has more ground substance; less fibers ex: fat or adipose tissue

Question 29

Dense connective tissue

Answer 29

has more fibers and less ground substance ex: tendons

Question 30

Connective tissue proper function

Answer 30

connect and protect

Question 31

fluid connective tissue function

Answer 31

transport

Question 32

supportive connective tissue function

Answer 32

structural strength

Question 33

True or false: Collagen fibers are the most common fibers in connective tissue proper

Answer 33

TRUE ex: ligaments or tendons

Question 34

Reticular fibers

Answer 34

network of interwoven fibers that is strong and flexible resists force in many directions ex: sheaths around organs

Question 35

Elastic fibers

Answer 35

contain elastin and return to original length after stretching ex: elastic ligaments of vertebrae

Question 36

Ground substance

Answer 36

clear, colorless, and viscous fills spaces between cells and slows pathagens

Question 37

Areolar tissue

Answer 37

least specialized elastic fibers holds blood vessels and capillary beds

Question 38

Adipose tissue

Answer 38

white fat or brown fat

Question 39

Reticular tissue

Answer 39

supports fibers that support functional cells and reticular organs

Question 40

Dense regular connective tissue function

Answer 40

-attachment and stabilization ex: tendons and ligaments that go in the same direction

Question 41

Dense irregular connection tissue function

Answer 41

-interwoven networks of collagen fibers -layered in skin, around cartilage and bones

Question 42

Fluid connective tissue consists of:

Answer 42

blood and lymph

Question 43

Cartilage

Answer 43

gel-like ground substance

Question 44

Bone

Answer 44

calcified and used for structure

Question 45

Three types of cartilage

Answer 45

elastic, fibrocartilage, hyaline

Question 46

Fibrocartilage characteristics

Answer 46

-limits movement -prevents bone to bone contact -pads knee joints

Question 47

Bone cells (osteocytes)

Answer 47

arranged around central glands within a matric

Question 48

Periosteum

Answer 48

covers bony surfaces

Question 49

Membranes

Answer 49

physical barriers that line or cover portions of the body -created by epithelium + connective tisssue

Question 50

Mucous membranes

Answer 50

line passageways that have external connections

Question 51

Serous membranes

Answer 51

-line cavities and are not open to the outside -have fluid to reduce friction

Question 52

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 52

skin on the surface of the body

Question 53

Synovial membranes

Answer 53

-line moving joint cavities -produce synovial fluid -protects the ends of bone

Question 54

3 types of muscle

Answer 54

-skeletal -cardiac -smooth

Question 55

Skeletal muscle cells in appearance are:

Answer 55

striated, voluntary, and multi-nucleated

Question 56

Cardiac muscle

Answer 56

-cardiocytes -form branching networks connected at intercalated disks -striated, voluntary, and single-nucleated

Question 57

Smooth muscle

Answer 57

-small and tapered -can divide and regenerate -nonstriated, involuntary, and single nucleus

Question 58

Neural tissue is concentrated in:

Answer 58

the brain and spinal cord

Question 59

Neurons

Answer 59

-nerve cells -perform electrical communication

Question 60

Neuroglia

Answer 60

provide homeostatic, structural and metabolic support of neurons

Question 61

Cell body of the neuron

Answer 61

contains nucleus and nucleolus

Question 62

Dendrites of the neuron

Answer 62

-short branches extending from the cell body -receive incoming signals

Question 63

Axon of the neuron

Answer 63

-long, thin extension of the cell body -carries outgoing electrical signals to their destination