Joints

Question 1

3 types of joints by function

Answer 1

Synarthroses (immovable joints)
Amphiarthroses (slightly movable)
Diarthroses (freely movable)

Question 2

3 types of joints by structure

Answer 2

Fibrous (suture, syndesmosis)
Cartilaginous (synchondrosis, symphysis)
Synovial (6 types)

Question 3

Suture

Answer 3

Fibrous joint
Bones are tightly bound by a very small amount of fibrous tissue
Between bones of the skull

Question 4

Syndesmosis

Answer 4

Fibrous joint
Bones are connected by longer banes of fibrous tissues
Ex: between radius and ulna (large amount of movement possible), distal tibiofibular joint (less movement because the connecting fibers are short)

Question 5

Synchondrosis

Answer 5

Cartilaginous joint
Hyaline cartilage connects the bones
Functionally are classified as synarthroses (immobile)
Ex: epiphyseal plates, first rib’s cartilage and manubrium of sternum

Question 6

Symphysis

Answer 6

Cartilaginous joint
Fibrocartilage connects 2 bones
Ex: symphysis pubis, symphysis menti, intervertebral discs

Question 7

6 types of synovial joints

Answer 7

1. Plane
2. Hinge
3. Pivot
4. Condylar
5. Saddle
6. Ball-and-socket

Question 8

Plane (synovial joints)

Answer 8

Beteen the tarsal bones of the foot

Allow for limited gliding movements between bones

Question 9

Hinge (synovial joints)

Answer 9

Elbow/knee/ankle works like a door hinge

Question 10

Pivot (synovial joints)

Answer 10

Rotation around axis

Ex: between first and second cervical vertebrae; radius and ulna

Question 11

Condylar (synovial joints)

Answer 11

Radiocarpal joint of the wrist
One concave and one convex
The metacarpal phalangeal joint is another example

Question 12

Saddle (synovial joints)

Answer 12

1st carpometacarpal joint

Joint between the trapezium carpal bone and the first metacarpal bone at the base of the thumb

Question 13

Ball and socket (synovial joints)

Answer 13

The hip and shoulder joints

Humerus fits into the scapula and femer into the acetabulum

Question 14

Articular cartilage

Answer 14

All synovial joints have this
Hyaline cartilage
On the ends of articulating bones

Question 15

Joint cavity

Answer 15

All synovial joints have this

Space that holds synovial fluid

Question 16

Articular capsule

Answer 16

All synovial joints have this

Encloses joint cavity

Question 17

Synovial fluid

Answer 17

All synovial joints have this

Viscous fluid inside the joint cavity

Question 18

Dorsoflexion

Answer 18

Extension at the ankle joint

“flexing” your foot

Question 19

Plantarflexion

Answer 19

Flexion at the ankle joint

“pointing” your foot

Question 20

Supination versus pronation

Answer 20

The hand - anatomical position is supination, with palm facing backwards is pronation