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Anatomy > Joints (Ch. 8) > Flashcards

Joints (Ch. 8) Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable
- Fibrous (Suture/Gomphosis), Cartilaginous (Synchondrosis), Bony Fusion (Synostosis)

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2
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Semi-movable
- Fibrous (Syndesmosis), Cartilaginous (Symphysis)

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3
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Fully movable
- Synovial (Mono-/Bi-/Triaxial)

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4
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Synarthrosis
- Least moveable
- Fibrous tissue interconnect two bones
- sutures and gomphosis
Amphiarthrosis
- syndesmosis

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5
Q

Sutures

A

Found only in skull
Bones interlocked via sutured ligaments

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6
Q

Gomphosis

A

Between teeth and jaw bone
Periodontal ligaments of the teeth

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7
Q

Cartilaginous Joint

A

Synchondrosis
- rigid, immovable
- hyaline (first pair of vertebrosternal ribs and sternum)
Symphysis
- Bone separated by a wedge/pad of cartilage
- btwn pubic bones, intervertebral discs

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8
Q

Synostosis

A

-totally rigid, immovable
- 2 bones fuse and fill with osseous tissue

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9
Q

Synovial

A
  • freely movable
  • typically at the end of long bones
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10
Q

Synovial Joint Characteristics

A
  1. Joint capsule
  2. articular cartilage
  3. Joint cavity with synovial fluid
  4. Synovial membrane
  5. Accessory structures (cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bursae)
  6. Sensory nerves and blood vessels
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11
Q

Accessory Structures

A

Cartilage and Fat Pads
- menisci – forms channel for fluid to flow around joint– packing material
- fat pads
Ligaments
Tendons
Bursae

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12
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Joint cavity -> Synovial membrane -> synovial fluid
- lubricates articular cartilage: reduces friction
- nourishes chondrocytes
- acts as shock absorber

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13
Q

Hinge Joint

A

Angular motion in single plane - UNIAXIAL
- knees, elbow, ankle

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14
Q

Ball-and-Socket Joint

A

Round head of one bone rests in a cup-shaped depression in another - MULTIAXIAL
- shoulder, hip

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15
Q

Abduction

A

moving away from body

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16
Q

Adduction

A

moving towards body

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17
Q

Flexion

A

decrease the angle of the bones at a joint

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18
Q

Extension

A

increase the angle of the bones at a joint

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19
Q

Hyperextension

A

extending beyond the normal limits

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20
Q

Circumduction

A

making a circular motion

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21
Q

Rotation

A

Left + Right (head)
Medial + Lateral – internal + external (ankle)

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22
Q

Pronation

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A

The hand in facing posterior in the anatomical position
- Ulna and Radius are crossed over

23
Q

Supination

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A

The hand in anatomical position
- Ulna and Radius are parallel

24
Q

Temporomandibular Joint

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A

Condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
- hinge joint
Ligaments:
- Lateral Ligament
- Stylomandibular Ligament
- Sphenomandibular Ligament

25
Lateral Ligament
Of the TMJ - connects zygomatic arch to the mandibular condyle
26
Stylomandibular Ligament
Of the TMJ - connects the angle of the mandible to the styloid process
27
Sphenomandibular Ligament
Of the TMJ - connects the sphenoidal spine to the medial side of the ramus
28
Zygapophysial Joints
Adjacent vertebrae articulate at their superior and inferior articular processes
29
Intervertebral Discs
Fibrocartilage Joint (symphasis) - pads of fibrous cartilage between between bodies of vertebrae - Anulus fibrosus: outer layer - Nucleus pulposus: inner layer
30
Intervertebral Ligaments
Anterior/Posterior longitudinal ligament - connects surfaces of the vertebral bodies Supraspinous ligament - connects tips of spinous processes Ligamentum nuchae - Supraspinous ligament from C7 to skull Interspinous ligament - spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae Ligamentum flavum - connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae with the vertebral arch
31
Sternoclavicular Ligament
Anterior/posterior - clavicle to manubrium
32
Interclavicular ligament
Interconnects clavicles in the jugular notch area
33
Costoclavicular ligament
From clavicle to first rib
34
Glenohumeral Joint
Articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity
35
Glenoid labrum
covers the edge of the glenoid cavity
36
Glenohumeral Ligament
Connects humerus to glenoid cavity
37
Glenohumeral ligaments
Coraco-acromial ligament Coracoclavicular ligament Acromioclavicular ligament Coracohumeral ligament Glenohumeral ligament Transverse humeral ligament
38
Elbow joint
Uniaxial, synovial hinge joint Humero-ulnar joint Humero-radial joint
39
Radial collateral ligament
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus to the radius
40
Ulnar collateral ligament
Medial epicondyle of the humerus to the ulna
41
Annular ligament
head of the radius to the ulna
42
Hip joint
Ball-and-socket joint Articular capsule - deep, strong, and dense - lends itself to great stability
43
Hip joint ligaments
Iliofemoral ligament, Ischiofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament - connect the femur to the acetabular rim
44
Knee Joint
Tibiofemoral synovial hinge joint Articular capsule - extends from distal femur and proximal tibia (includes patella)
45
Medial + Lateral menisci + Fad pads
1. act as cushion 2. conform shape to femur as position changes 3. increase surface area of tibiofemoral joint 4. provide lateral stability
46
Tibial collateral ligament
(medial collateral ligament) connects medial epicondyle of femur to the tibia
47
Fibular collateral ligament
(lateral collateral ligament) connects lateral epicondyle of femur to the fibula
48
Popliteal ligaments
Connect femur to the heads of the tibia and fibula
49
Anterior cruciate ligament
(ACL) connects tibia to the lateral edge of the intercondylar fossa of the femur
50
Posterior cruciate ligament
(PCL) connects tibia to the medial edge of the intercondylar fossa of the femur
51
Patellar ligament
connects tibial tuberosity to the patella - extension of the rectus femoris tendon
52
Quadricep tendon
passes over anterior surface of the patella - patella is embedded in the tendon
53
Rheumatoid Arthritis
All rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints Damage to articular cartilages Autoimmune disease

Anatomy (16 decks)

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