Joints Chapter 9 Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
What is the point of contact:
-Between 2 bones
-Between cartilage and bone
-Between teeth and bones
A
Joint
2
Q
What is another name for a joint?
A
Articulation
3
Q
What is the study of joints?
A
Arthrology
4
Q
What is the study of motion?
A
Kinesiology
5
Q
(Classification of joints)
Structural classification based upon:
__________ or _________ of space between bones
A
Presence or absence
6
Q
(Classification of joints)
Structural classification based upon:
-Type of ___________ _______ holding bones together
A
Connective tissue
7
Q
(Classification of joints)
What type of joints:
-Are made of dense irregular connective tissue
A
fibrous joints
8
Q
(Classification of joints)
What type of joints:
-Are made of cartilage
A
Cartilaginous joints
9
Q
(Classification of joints)
What type of joints have a :
-Joint capsule
-Synovial cavity and accessory ligaments
A
Synovial joints
10
Q
The functional classification of joints are based upon __________
A
Movement
11
Q
Immovable function of the joint is:
A
Synarthrosis
12
Q
Slightly moveable function of the joint is:
A
Amphiarthrosis
13
Q
Freely moveable function of the joint is:
A
Diarthrosis
14
Q
What type of joint:
-Lack a synovial cavity
-Bones held closely together by dense irregular connective tissue rich in collagen
A
Fibrous joints
15
Q
What type of joint has 3 structural types:
-Sutures
-Gomphosis
-Syndesmoses
A
Fibrous joints
16
Q
What is the thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue that unites bones of the skull?
A
Sutures
17
Q
What is it called when a joint is immovable in adults?
A
Synarthrosis
18
Q
What is it called when a joint is slightly movable in infants and children??
A
Amphiarthrosis
19
Q
What joint is the:
-Tooth with the tooth socket
-Bone is united with dense irregular connective tissue
-Amphiarthrosis
A
Gomphosis
20
Q
What is another name for:
Bones united by dense irregular connective tissue?
A
Periodontal ligament
21
Q
What is:
-Bones held together by substantial dense irregular connective tissue
-Amphiarthrosis
A
Syndesmosis
22
Q
In which bones does Syndesmosis occur in? (4)
A
-Tibia
-Fibula
-Ulna
-Radius
23
Q
Which joints:
-Lack a synovial cavity
-Allows little or no movement
-Bones are tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
A
Cartilaginous joints
24
Q
Which cartilaginous joint is:
-Connecting material is hyaline cartilage
-Synarthrosis
A
Synchondrosis
25
Where is synchondrosis located in the body?
First rib and sternum
26
What is a temporary synchondrosis?
Epiphyseal plate
27
Which cartilaginous joint has:
-Fibrocartilage connecting material
-Amphiarthroses
Symphysis
28
Where is symphysis cartilaginous joint located in the body?
Intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis
29
What type of joint:
-The cavity separates articulating bones
-All are diarthrosis(freely movable)
Synovial joints
30
(Synovial joints)
What:
-Reduces friction
-Absorbs shock
Articular cartilage (hyaline)
31
(Synovial joints)
What:
-Fibrous capsule and synovial membrane
-Surrounds joint
-Thickenings in fibrous capsule called ligaments
Articular capsule
32
(Synovial joints)
What:
-Inner lining of capsule
-Secrets synovial fluid containing hyaluronic acid
-Brings nutrients to articular cartilage
Synovial membrane
33
(Other special features)
What are:
-Outside joint capsule
Extracapsular ligaments
34
(Other special features)
What are:
-Within capsule
Intracapsular ligaments
35
(Other special features)
What are:
-Attached around edges to capsule
-Allow 2 bones of different shape to fit tightly
-Increase stability of knee- torn cartilage
Articular discs or menisci
36
What are:
-Fluid-filled saclike structures similar to the joint capsule
-Reduces friction between moving structures
Bursae
37
Where are bursae located (3)
-Skin and bone
-Tendon and bone
-Muscle and bone
38
What are:
-Tube-like bursae that wrap around tendons at wrists and ankle where many tendons come together in a confined space
Tendon sheaths
39
What is:
Inflammation of a bursa
Bursitis
40
What is:
-The examination of joint
-Instrument size of a pencil
-Remove torn knee cartilages & repair ligaments
-Small incision only
Arthroscopy
41
What is:
The replacement of joints
Arthroplasty
42
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Decreasing the joint angle
Flexion
43
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Increasing the joint angle
Extension
44
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Extension beyond the anatomical position
Hyperextension
45
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Movement in frontal plane
Lateral flexion
46
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Lateral movement away from midline
Abduction
47
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Movement towards midline
Adduction
48
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Movement along the longitudinal axis
Rotation
49
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Limb moving towards the midline
Medial (internal) rotation
50
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Limb moving away from midline
Lateral (external) rotation
51
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Circular movement with one fixed end and one free end
Circumduction
52
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Forward
Protraction
53
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Backward
Retraction
54
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Upward
Elevation
55
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Downward
Depression
56
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Medial movement of the sole
Inversion
57
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Lateral movement of the sole
Eversion
58
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Bending foot up
Dorsiflexion
59
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Bending foot down
Plantarflexion
60
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Turning palms forward
Supination
61
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Turning palms backwards
Pronation
62
(Types of movement at synovial joints)
What is:
-Movement of the thumb across the palm to touch fingertips on the same hand
Opposition
63
(Types of synovial joints)
Which joint:
-Bone surfaces are flat or slightly curved
-Gliding
-Biaxial
Planar (gliding) joint
64
-Intercarpal or intertarsal joints
-Sternoclavicular joints
Are examples of which joint?
Planar joint
65
(Types of synovial joints)
Which joint:
-Convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of 2nd bone
-Monaxial like a door hinge
Hinge joints
66
Knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints
Are examples of which joint?
Hinge Joint
67
What is another name for Hinge joints?
Ginglymus
68
Flexion and extension are movements produced by which joint?
Hinge joint
69
(Types of synovial joints)
Which joint:
-Rounded surface of bone articulates with ring formed by 2nd bone & ligament
-Monoaxial since it allows only rotation around longitudinal axis
Pivot joint
70
Proximal radioulnar joint
-Supination & Pronation
Atlanto-axial joint
-Rotation
Are examples of what joint?
Pivot joint
71
What is another name for the pivot joint?
Trochoid
72
(Types of synovial joints)
Which joint:
-Biaxial= flexion-extension or abduction-adduction
Condyloid
73
Radiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints for digits 2 to 5
Are examples of which joint?
Condyloid joint
74
(Types of synovial joints)
Which joint:
-Biaxial= flexion-extension or abduction-adduction
-These movements also combine for circumduction
Saddle joints
75
What is another name for Condyloid joints?
Ellipsoidal joints
76
Carpometacarpal of thumb is an example of which joint?
Saddle joint
77
What is another name for the saddle joint?
Sellar joint
78
(Types of synovial joints)
Which joint:
-Ball fitting into a cuplike depression
-Multiaxial
Ball-and-Socket joint
79
Shoulder joint and hip joints are examples of which joint?
Ball-and-Socket joint
80
What is another name for Ball-and-Socket joints?
Spheroid
81
What are:
-Between adjacent vertebrae absorbs vertical shock
Intervertebral discs
82
What:
-Permits various movements of the vertebral column
Fibrocartilaginous ring with a pulpy center
-Amphiarthrosis symphysis
Intervertebral discs
83
What are:
-Thoracic and sacral are formed during fetal development
Primary curves
84
What are:
-Cervical if formed when infant raises head at 4 months
-Lumbar forms when infant sits up and begins to walk at 1 year
Secondary curves
85
What abnormal curve is:
-Lateral bending of the spinal column
Scoliosis
86
What abnormal curve is:
-Exaggerated thoracic curve
Hyperkyphosis
87
What abnormal curve is:
-Exaggerated lumbar curve
Hyperlordosis
88
What is:
-Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus
-Most commonly in lumbar
--Pressure on spinal nerves causes radiating pain into the extremities
Herniated (slipped) disc
89
(Clinical problems)
What is:
-Failure of the vertebral laminae to unite
-Nervous tissue is unprotected
-Paralysis
-Is a congenital defect
Spina bifida
90
What joint is:
A combined hinge and planar formed by the condylar process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
91
What joints movement includes elevation and depression and protraction and retraction of the jaw?
Temporomandibular joint
92
What joint:
-Is a ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula
Shoulder joint
93
What joints movement are:
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction of the arm
Shoulder joint
94
What joint:
-Articular capsule from glenoid cavity to anatomical neck
-Glenoid labrum deepens socket
-Many nearby bursa
Glenohumeral joint
95
What muscle:
-Encircle the joint supporting the capsule
-Hold head of humerus in the glenoid cavity
-Shows extreme freedom of movement at the expense of stability
Rotator cuff muscles
96
What are common in the Rotator Cuff muscle?
Injury and dislocation
97
What joint:
-A hinge joint formed by the trochlea of the humerus, the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the head of the radius
Elbow joint
98
What are the movements of the Elbow joints
Flexion and extension
99
What are common injuries to the Elbow joint? (2)
-Tennis elbow
-Nursemaid's elbow
100
What is:
-Radial annular ligament hold head of radius in place
-Collateral ligaments maintain integrity of joint
Articular capsule of the Elbow joint
101
What joint is:
-Ball-and-socket joint is formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hipbone
Hip joint
102
Which joints movement is:
-Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and the medial and lateral rotation of the thigh
Hip joints
103
The:
-Acetabular labrum
-Articular capsule
are the structures of what?
Hip joint structures
104
What is:
-The largest and most complex joint of the body and consist of 3 joints within a single synovial cavity
Knee joints
105
What do these bones make up:
-Medial tibiofemoral, lateral tibiofemoral and patellofemoral
Knee joints
106
What movements does the knee joint include?
Flexion and extension
107
What type of joint:
-Articular capsule
-Mostly ligaments and tendons
-Lateral and medial menisci
-Many bursa
Tibiofemoral joint
108
What type of joint is:
-Fibrocartilage allowing the femoral and tibial condyle to fit together
Tibiofemoral joint
109
What type of ligament:
-Is from femur to fibula
-Provides lateral stability to the knee
Fibular collateral ligament (LCL)
110
What type of ligament:
-Is from femur to tibia
-Provides medial stability to the knee
Tibial collateral ligament (MCL)
111
Fibular collateral ligaments and Tibial collateral ligaments are both what type of ligaments?
Extracapsular ligaments
112
What type of ligament:
-Is from posterior tibia to anterior femur
-Prevents posterior sliding of tibia
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
113
What type of ligament:
-Is from anterior tibia to posterior femur
-Prevents anterior sliding of tibia
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
114
What disorder:
-Autoimmune
-Cartilage attacked
-Inflammation, swelling and pain
-Final step is fusion of joint
Rheumatoid Arthritis
115
What disorder:
-Aging, wear & tear
-Deterioration of cartilage produces bone spurs
-Pain upon awakening- disappears with movement
Osteoarthritis
116
What is another name for Osteoarthritis?
Degenerative joint disease
117
What disorder:
-Urate crystals build up in joints- pain
-Deposited in cartilage causing inflammation & swelling
Gouty Arthritis
118
What type of arthritis is:
-In middle-aged men with abnormal gene
Gouty arthritis
119
What causes these symptoms:
-Widespread joint pain
-Headaches, fatigue
-Neurological symptoms
-"Bull's -eye rash"
Lyme disease
120
Borrelia burgdorferi is the bacteria that causes ___________?
Lyme disease
121
What is:
-An overstretching or tearing of a ligament
-Usually accompanied by considerable swelling and pain
Sprain
122
What is the initial treatment for a sprain and a strain?
PRICE
123
What is PRICE?
P-
R
I-
C-
E-
Protection
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
124
What is:
-An overstretching or partial tear of a muscle or tendon
Strain
