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Psyc2022 > Judgement And Decision Making > Flashcards

Judgement And Decision Making Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

We learn so much about judgement by looking at the

A

Errors of judgement we make

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2
Q

Social cognition

A

How our thought processes are influence by our social existence
Stereotype formation.

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3
Q

We judge ALOT within

A

Seconds!

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4
Q

When we form judgements of things/people we don’t actually have

A

Conscious awareness of how we do it

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5
Q

Masking is a technique used in cog psych to stop ppl from

A

Consciously processing an image. Mask image - face - mask image

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6
Q

Specific region in the……….showed activity when tracking how trustworthy one saw a persons face to be

A

Amygdala

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7
Q

The Amygdala can process

A

Social cues without awareness and make judgements

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8
Q

Judgement is

A

Process by which we form opinions, reach conclusions and make critical evaluations on basis of avail info

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9
Q

Decision making is

A

Process of choosing btwn alternatives, selecting and rejecting avail options

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10
Q

What is the difference btwn judgement and decision making?

A

Decision making is a controlled deliberate process. Judging is spontaneous.

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11
Q

We learn about how things go right by looking at

A

How they go wrong

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12
Q

Often when we make decisions we make them in what context…

A

Emotional

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13
Q

Key psychological processes that underlie judgement and decision making not only applies to psychology but to

A

Economics as well

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14
Q

Parsimony is very much a key cognitive process in

A

Making judgements and decision making

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15
Q

Most research in judgement and decision making has focused on

A

Errors people make and the biases

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16
Q

From our judgement and decision making capabilities

A

Not rationale internal statisticians!!

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17
Q

Level/ rational of judgement and decision making is not different for

A

Ppl from different educated/socioeconomic backgrounds

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18
Q

Our Experience of new phenomena is very strong influenced by our

A

Experience with past similar phenomena

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19
Q

Inferences we make guide our ………..which influence our…………

A

Schemas, judgements

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20
Q

Schema is

A

Models we create to Help us make sense of the world. Ie how to act/behave at a wedding.

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21
Q

Schemas help guide our

A

Judgements

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22
Q

We are all Cognitive misers. This means we

A

Process info with a minimal amount if mental effort. Use minimal, most salient info from our past experiences to construct judgements.

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23
Q

Cognitive miser is similar to

24
Q

Being a cognitive miser is economical but the problem is…

Study These Flashcards
A

Can lead to over-generalising and stereotype formation

25
Our initial impressions are very
Persistent, resistant to change
26
Perseverance of false beliefs refers to
The difficultly it takes to alter first impressions
27
2possible outcomes to judgement are
Assimilation | Accommodation
28
Assimilation is where we fit
New data within existing stereotypical theories.
29
Accommodation is when we
Change the stereotype to incorporate new idea
30
Research shows that we are much more likely to ..............than..............
Assimilate this accommodate
31
Accommodation only happens
After a long time and build up if sufficient contrary evidence
32
It's more economical for us to
Assimilate than accommodate
33
What is it called when we bend our experiences to fit within our existing stereotypes?
Biased assimilation
34
This process ........enforces our stereotypes
Selective exposure
35
Selective exposure is the fact that we tend not to
Expose ourselves to situations that will challenge our stereotypes. Ie friendship groups with similar views. Only listen to media in line with our views
36
Our tendency to cling to initial theories can lead to us being
Overconfident because we underestimate the probability that initial theories could be wrong
37
Optimistic bias is when
Overconfident with ability to complete tasks in a set time. Me and exam cram revision!!
38
Cognitive biases are
Processes used to explain irrational judgement and decision making
39
Judgements and decisions often made on
Gutt intuition!
40
Two common errors in cog bias
Perceiving random events as non-random | Perceiving correlated events as casually related
41
Anchoring bias is
Insufficient judgement (up or down) from original starting value when judging value of some event or outcome. You are anchored to initial idea. Ie money for charities
42
Not $500 not $400 not $300 but $29.99 is an example of
Anchoring bias - planting higher value in you head first
43
Availability heuristic (bias) causes us to
Judge as more frequent or probable those events that are more readily imagined or retrieved from memory - even when objective evidence indicates otherwise
44
Availability heuristic simply is
Because it's more available you judge it as being more likely
45
Availability heuristic (bias) are based on
Dramatic vivid individual cases placed in our memory - that come readily available when we make a judgement/decision regarding something similar
46
Talboild TV current affair relies on our..........by presenting dramatic cases rather than facts
Availability heuristic
47
Representativeness heuristic is
Belonging to a particular category implies having the characteristics considered typical of members of that category
48
When u meet someone who looks just like someone else and you expect that person to behave like the other person.. Is an example of
Representativeness heuristic
49
Our decision making is influenced by
The way the problem is posed and our assessment of the risks involved
50
Decision frames refer to the way in which a decision
Is presented to us. Even if data is the same.
51
When ppl make decisions they're constantly evaluating
Risk strategies
52
Two types of risk strategies in decision making
Risk seeking | Risk averse
53
Risk taking in decision making depends on
Decision consequence | Familiarity with the material
54
Does group decision making ensure we make logical rational decisions
No!
55
Group decisions are in group think mode which usually seeks to
Don't make waves, express doubts
56
Group think is
Desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision making outcome
57
Cognitive dissonance
When we don't feel comfortable with what we think and about what we do actions)

Psyc2022 (11 decks)

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