Touch And The Vestibular System Flashcards by Kylie hinde

Info given to us via touch is used in a very ………… Way

Automatic

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Touch and the vestibular system gives us

Our sense of physically being in the world

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Proprioception is

Our sense of physically being in the world and orientated in space. How we feel our body as ourselves.

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Somatosensation

All sensory signals from the body in space

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Two main systems in the somatosensory context are:

Vestibular system

Sense of Touch

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4 different systems under touch

Tactile sensations
Kinaesthesia
Thermal sensation
Pain

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Three main components in the ear that you hear with:

Ear drum
Anvil
Stirrup

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Vestibular system is between the

Middle ear and the cochlea ( inner ear)

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Vestibular system gives us our sense of

Orientation and balance

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Vestibular system is made up of 2 systems:

Semicircular canals

Otolith organs

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How many Semicircular canals are there

3 of them

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Vestibular system sense organs detect

Motion
Orientation
Tilt
Gravity
Sense of spatial orientation

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Spatial orientation important for

Keeping clear vision while moving
Keeping balance
Keeping posture

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How many Otoliths organs are there

Utricule and saccule

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Semicircular canals are responsible for

Perceiving rotation

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3 semicircular canals correspond to

3 planes of rotation in space ie 3D space

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What are the 3 semicircular canals

Anterior (cartwheel)
Posterior (nodding)
Horizontal/lateral ( looking left/right)

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Changes in movement ie starting and stopping a movement

We are more sensitive to

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The utricule otoliths organ is responsible for

Detecting horizontal movement and acceleration (running, driving in a car)

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Saccule otolith organ is responsible for

Detecting vertical movement and acceleration (jumping)

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Macular is

Fluid sac in each of the otolith organs that slosh around activating nerve cells

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Cilia are

Hairs aka nerve fivers in vestibular organs that get displaced by macular and send signals to the brain

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Cilia can sense change in the direction of

Gravity to signal tilt

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Vestibular system unique because

No singular brain area dedicated to it

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Vestibular system is combined with

Visual system to give orientation and movement in space

Vestibular systemise also connected to the

Motor cortex and cerebellum

Cerebellum controls

Balance

Vection is

Illusory perception of self motion caused by visual cues independent of vestibular cues (screen saver stars moving) (train next to you is moving)

Vexation is an example of

Sensory conflict

Motion sickness

Conflicting info arising from visual system and the vestibular system (sea sickness)

To prevent motion sickness

Eyes must be receiving same as vestibular system (look out the window)

Meniere's syndrome

Prolonged damage to vestibular system due to overflow of fluid in the inner ear

What happens to cilia if liquid overflow in inner ear

Might not send u the msg when you're moving | Or excess fluid pushing on the cilia tell you you're always moving when you're not

How do we test the vestibular system?

Watching the eye movements

Why watch the eyes when measuring vestibular function

Watch circades in the eyes during movement to see if they match up to the type of movement

Technical term for sense of touch

Haptic perception

Haptic perception is

Recognising objects or the world around you through touch

Tactile illusions

When your sense of touch gives you info that is not consistent with info of the outside world

Four different groups of touch receptors

Tactile mechanoceptors Kinaesthetic mechanoceptors Thermalceptors Nociceptors

Kinesthesis

Position and movement of limbs

Pain receptor name

Nociceptors

Tactile mechanoceptors are found

Under your skin (dermis) and out layer (epidermis)

How many different types of tactile mechanoceptors?

Kinaesthetic mechanoreceptors give you

You sense of position of the limbs and the movements the muscles are making in space

What happens with limited kinaesthesis?

Body physically capable cannot move body. Unable to sense position of limb and body location. Have to learn to use vision to move/walk and position limbs

There are how many Thermalceptors?

2 | Warm fibres and cold fibres

Cold fibres and hot fibres respond to changes in skin temp above or below the...

Optimal range 30 - 36oC

Thermalceptors tell you about

Different textures

How many types of Nociceptors?

2 | A-delta fibres and C fibres

A-delta fibres respond to

Strong pressure or heat. Myelinated and conduct signal very fast

C fibres respond to

Other kinds of intense stimuli. Unmylienated so slower signals

Both types of nociceptors are unique because

They send signals faster than other mechanoceptors

Pain exists on multiple levels:

Sensory Emotional Cognitive

Pain has no singular area for processing in the

Brain

Pain is modulated at a few different point in the body... Top down processes from brain can influence

The amount of pain you are feeling/experiencing

Gate control theory

In spine the inhibitory intraneuon/gate neuron modulated how much pain signal gets sent to brain

Apart from nociceptors Gate neuron receives info from

2 other sources

Inhibitory neuron turned on

Send inhibitory signal to 2nd order neuron to not send pain signals through to brain or modulate pain to be less.

Inhibitory neuron turned off

Pain comes through the 2nd order neuron and to brain uninhibited.

Brain can release ................from the top down (cortex) to the spinal cord to stop pain signals

Endogenous opiates (neuro transmitters that turn on the gate)

Pain and attention

Pain can be less when ppl distracted

Pain can also be less when the ppl

Focuses on the pain

Pain and belief

Given a placebo treatment and believe you're being treated = less pain

Sensory cortex is located

On the top of your brain - where a head band would sit

Somatotopical

Brain regions correspond to a map of your body

How many maps of your body?

Where are the 2 body maps located

One in left hemisphere | One in right

Body maps are called

Sensory homunculus

Primary somatosensory cortex

Secondar somatosensory cortex

On somatosensory cortex the Hand and face, lips tongue and mouth area are very big because

Those are the most sensitive for processing touch

Sensory pathways can be quite plastic according to

Each persons experiences

Two point touch threshold

How effective are ppl at detecting two raised points at a certain distance away from each other

Tactile acuity is measured using the

Two point touch threshold

Phantom limb

Persistent image or memory of a limb of the body months or even years after it's loss

Phantom limb occur as a result of

Somatosensory cortex activation - distorted somatotopical maps

Phantom limb treatment

Mirror therapy

Mirror therapy works because

Gives illusion that the missing limb is there. Fools brain. Can move it in a way that alleviates the pain/discomfort

Rubber hand is an example of

Where your senses have be integrated to give you a sense of what is happening in the world. Visual integrated with tactile