kidney

Question 1

What’re the 3 main areas of the kidney

Answer 1

• cortex
• medulla
• pelvis

Question 2

What usually surrounds the kidney

Answer 2

protective layer of fat and a layer of fibrous connective tissue

Question 3

What’s the kidney involved in

Answer 3

• excretion

- osmoregulation

Question 4

What structures make up the kidney

Answer 4

millions of small nephrons

Question 5

What do nephrons do

Answer 5

act as filtering units

Question 6

Where does urine pass out of the kidney

Answer 6

down tubules called ureters

Question 7

What happens when the bladder is full

Answer 7

the sphincter at the exit to the bladder opens and the urine passes out down the urethra

Question 8

What happens in the cortex of the kidney

Answer 8

filtering of blood takes place

Question 9

What’re the features of the cortex

Answer 9

dense capillary network

Question 10

What does the capillary network in the cortex do

Answer 10

carry’s blood from the renal artery to the nephrons

Question 11

What’s darker in colour the cortex or the medulla, of the kidney

Answer 11

cortex

Question 12

What does the medulla contain

Answer 12

tubules of the nephrons

Question 13

What do tubules of the nephrons form

Answer 13

pyramids of the kidney and the collecting ducts

Question 14

What’s the pelvis of the kidney

Answer 14

the central chamber material

Question 15

What happens in the central chamber material of the kidney

Answer 15

urine collects before passing out down the ureter

Question 16

What are nephrons function in the kidney

Answer 16

filter the blood removing nitrogenous wastes and balancing mineral ions

Question 17

What substances do nephrons reabsorb

Answer 17

• water
• glucose
• salts

Question 18

What’re the 5 structures of a nephron

Answer 18

• Bowman’s capsule
• proximal convoluted tubule
• loop of Henle
• distal convoluted tubule
• collecting duct

Question 19

What does the bowmans capsule contain

Answer 19

the glomerulus (tangle of capillaries)

Question 20

Why do high amounts of blood enter the glomerulus

Answer 20

more blood enters than leaves due to ultrafiltration process

Question 21

Where is the proximal convoluted tubule found

Answer 21

in the cortex of the kidney

Question 22

What occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 22

substances needed by the body are reabsorbed into the blood

Question 23

What does the loop of henle do

Answer 23

creates a region of high solute conc in tissue fluid deep in the kidney

Question 24

What’s the formation of the loop of henle

Answer 24

runs from cortex through the medulla to a hairpin bend at the bottom of the loop

Question 25

When travelling down the loop of henle what is released

Answer 25

H20 higher conc the lower you go

Question 26

when travelling up the loop of henle what is released

Answer 26

NaCl (salt) lower conc the higher you go

Question 27

why are different conc released in different parts of the kidney

Answer 27

due to water potential and osmosis

Question 28

What is the distal convoluted tubules role

Answer 28

fine tuning of the water balance of the body and ion balance and pH of blood

Question 29

In the distal convoluted tubule what does the permeability of the walls to water vary on

Answer 29

in response to levels of ADH in the blood

Question 30

What occurs in the collecting duct

Answer 30

fine tuning of the water balance

Question 31

What're the walls of the collecting sensitive to

Answer 31

ADH

Question 32

Does blood leaving the kidney have high or low levels of urea

Answer 32

low levels

Question 33

Does blood leaving the kidney have high or low levels of glucose and AA

Answer 33

relatively the same

Question 34

What is urine made up of

Answer 34

- Water and dissolved salts - urea - hormones - excess vitamins

Question 35

What doesn't urine usually contain

Answer 35

- proteins and BC - glucose - AA - vitamins

Question 36

Why aren't proteins and BC found on urine

Answer 36

they're to big to be filtered out of the blood

Question 37

Why aren't glucose AA and vitamins in the blood

Answer 37

they're actively reabsorbed back into the blood

Question 38

Where does selective reabsorption take place

Answer 38

- filtrate flows along the proximal convoluted tube - through the loop of henle - along distal convoluted tubule

Question 39

What happens to useful substances in the kidney

Answer 39

leave tubules of the nephron and enter the capillary network

Question 40

How is some urea reabsorbed

Answer 40

diffusion

Question 41

How can you tell the difference between the cortex and medulla

Answer 41

cortex is a lighter shade than the medulla