Population genetics, genetic variation, meiosis Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is continuous variation
individuals in a population vary within range
What’re 2 examples of continuous variation
- Waist circumference
- Fur length
What’s discontinuous variation
2 or more distinct categories
Can different species have different genes
Yes
How did individuals of the same species have the same genes
they have different versions of them called alleles
What do the genes and alleles of an organism make up
its genotype
What type of reproduction creates variation
Sexual reproduction
What does differences in genotype lead to
variation in phenotype
What is phenotype
Characteristics displayed by an organism
How does random fusion of gametes during fertilisation affect offspring
increases genetic variation
What’s an example of phenotypic variation
human blood group, 3 different blood group alleles result in 4 different blood groups
What does it mean if it your phenotype is polygenic
your phenotype is influenced by many genes
What’s an example of polygenic phenotype
Skin colour as there’s loads of different shades
What does it mean if your phenotype is monogenic
characteristics are only controlled by one gene
What’s an example of a monogenic phenotype
Violet flower can either be coloured or white
What’re examples from the environment that can cause variation
climate
food
lifestyle
What’s etiolation
When plants grow abnormally long and spindly due to lack of light
What’s chlorosis
when plants don’t produce enough chlorophyll and turn yellow
What causes Chlorosis
lack of magnesium in soil
What influences how an organism develops
The environment
When phenotype is influenced by genetics and environment what variation type is it
continuous variation
What’re examples of phenotype that’s influenced by environment and genetics
- height of pea plants
- body mass in animals
What is the genetic term Gene
Sequence of bases on DNA that codes for a protein
What is the genetic term Allele
a different version of a gene
