Kidney function

Question 1

What are the EXCRATORY functions of the kidney?

Answer 1

1. Waste products BUN
2. Water and salt (sodium) balance

Question 2

What are the ENDOCRINE functions of the kidney?

Answer 2

1. Renin secretion
2. Erythropoietin production

Question 3

What are the METABOLIC functions of the kidney?

Answer 3

1. Vitamin D activation
2. CYP450 isoenzymes
3. Metabolism of insulin and steroids
4. pH regulation

Question 4

Relationship of SCr to GFR

Answer 4

Every double in SCr leads to a 2 fold decrease in GFR

Question 5

What is the significance of BUN:SCr?

(What does it indicate?)

Answer 5

Related to renal perfusion, an increase in BUN:SCr means less perfusion

Question 6

What is the normal rance for BUN:SCr?

Answer 6

10:1 - 20:1

>20:1 indicates low perfusion

Question 7

Possible causes for high BUN:SCr?

Answer 7

1. Dehydration
2. Heart Failure exacerbation (COLD)
3. Sepsis

Question 8

Polyuria

Answer 8

Urine output >3000mL/day

Question 9

Normal urine output

Answer 9

1000-3000mL

Question 10

Oliguria

Answer 10

<400mL

Question 11

Anuria

Answer 11

<50 mL

Question 12

Proteinuria

Answer 12

Marker of glomerular damage on podocytes

Question 13

What does proteinuria indicate

Answer 13

1. Progression of diabetic nephropathy
2. Progression of CKD
3. Risk of cardiovascular disease
4. Risk of mortality

Question 14

Cockcroft-Gault CrCl equation

Question 15

IBW equation

Answer 15

Male = 50 + (2.3 * height inches >60”)

Female = 45.5 + (2.3 * height inches >60”)

Question 16

Albuminuria

1. Normal
2. Microalbuminuria
3. Macroalbuminuria

Answer 16

1. <30mg/day
2. 30-299mg/day
3. ≥300mg/day

or mg/g creatinine