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KINES: Ankle and Foot Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

how many bones make up the ankle and foot complex

A

28 bones

tibia, fibula
talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, 3 cuneiforms
5 MTT, 14 phalanges

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2
Q

how many joints in one extremity

A

25 joints

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3
Q

aka the forgotten joint

A

proximal TF joint

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4
Q

type of joint of superior TF joint

A

plane synovial

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5
Q

significance of superior TF joint to knee pain

A

malalignments in this joint can lead to chronic knee pain

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6
Q

type of joint of inferior TF joint

A

syndesmosis - only allows small movement bcs connected by fibrous tissue

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7
Q

what forms the hindfoot

A

fibula. tibia, talus and calcaneus

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8
Q

what forms the midfoot

A

tarsal bones

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9
Q

what forms the forefoot

A

MTT and phalanges

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10
Q

what makes up the talocrural jont

A

distal tibia and fibula and talar bone

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11
Q

type of joint of talocrural jont

A

hinge - dflex and pflex

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12
Q

CPP of talocrural jont

A

full dflex

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13
Q

OPP of talocrural jont

A

10 deg pflex midway eversion/inversion

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14
Q

what is the ankle mortis

A

distal tibia and fibula - lateral and medial malleoli

sa talocrural joint toh

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15
Q

proximal aspect of body of talus

A

trochlea

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16
Q

3 articular surfaces of talus

A

large lateral facet - fibula
small medial facet tibia
dome - superior facet for tibia

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17
Q

what is the fick’s angle

A

in normal angle naka toe out bcs of tibial ER

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18
Q

what is the cause of fick’s angle

A

lateral malleolus is more distal and posterior kaya mapapa ER yung orientation ng tibia

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19
Q

normal value of fick’s angle

A

12-18 degrees

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20
Q

normal value of fick’s angle in children

A

5 degrees

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21
Q

assessment for fick’s angle

A

look at posterior view - dpat 3 toes lng kita

more than 3 = + excessive ER of tibia

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22
Q

what is the talocrural axis

A

oblique orientation of talocrural joint - kaya 3 planes ang dflex and pflex

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23
Q

value for talocrural axis

A

14 deg

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24
Q

cause of talocrural axis

A

kase mas mababa lateral malleoli or tibia kaya oblique if cconnect medial to lateral malleoli

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25
coupled movement of talocrural in non WB
DF w eversion PF w inversion
26
coupled movement of talocrural in WB
DF w inversion and IR PF w eversion and ER
27
DOF of talocrural joint
DF/PF - 1
28
what is subtalar joint
betw talus and calcaneus
29
type joint of subtalar
plane - inversion/eversion - but complex
30
what makes the subtalar joint complex
large posterior articulation = concave talus and convex calcaneus small anterior articulation = 2 convex facets of talus and calcaneus
31
what is the sinus tarsi
houses the proprioceptive center sa lateral subtalar joint - reccuring inversion/eversion injury = diminished proprioceptive ability
32
what is tarsal canal
on lateral of foot; funnel shaped
33
large end of sinus tarsi
anterior to lat malleolus
34
small end of sinus tarsi
below medial malleolus
35
what is the sustentaculum tali
bony prominence palpable close to smaller end or sinus tarsi - landmark
36
what makes up the transverse tarsal joint
calcaneocuboid joint and talonavicular joint
37
function of transverse tarsal joint
S shaped - abd and add of forefoot
38
what is the oblique axis of tranverse tarsal joint
from navicular tub to center of calcaneus oblique sha = motions occur in 3 planes
39
composite motions of transverse tarsal in non WB
supination - calcaneal adduction, inversion and pflex pronation - calcaneal abduction, eversion and dflex
40
composite motions of transverse tarsal in WB
supination - calcaneal inversion; talar abd and dflex and tibiofibular ER pronation - calcaneal eversion, talar add and pflex and tibiofibular IR
41
what forms the tasrometatarsal joint
tarsals, cuboid and 3 cuneiforms and base of MTT
41
articulation of 1st TMT
medial cuneiform
42
articulation of 2nd and 3rd TMT
middle cuneiform and lateral cuneiform
43
articulation of 4th and 5th TMT
cuboid
44
significance of tasrometatarsal joint
if may problem sa WB supination and pronation the TMT will adapt through twisting movements supination and pronation twist
45
explain supination twist
as hindfoot pronates - medial arch will flat and dflex of rays so para ma maintain yung contact magg iinvert or supination tiwst to compensate the flast arch
46
explain pronation twist
hindfoot supinates - medial arch will be greater 1st and 2nd ray pflex 4th and 5th ray dflex to maintain contact foot goes eversion or pronation twist to compensate
47
type of joint of MTP joint
condyloid - convex MTT and concave phalanges
48
what is index plus
1st MTT longer than the rest
49
what is index minus
aka mortons foot - second MTT longer than rest prone to stress fracture
50
what is index plus-minus
1st and 2nd MTT equal in length
51
DOF of MTP joint
2 - flex/ex, abd/add
52
what is metatarsal break
MTP extends during walking to propel forward
53
what is hallux rigidus
interferes w metatarsal break bcs not much ext happens
54
what is hammer toe
excess ext of MTP tas flex IP joints di nmn na aaffect metatarsal break but pressure of MT heads result to skin breakbown
55
ligaments that get injured in high ankle sprain
crural tibiofibular interosseous anterior and posterior tibiofibular tibiofubular interosseous
56
3 band of LCL
ATFL PTFL CFL
57
mechanism of injury for ATFL
inversion pflex
58
mechanism of injury for PTFL
dflex eversion
59
mechanism of injury for CFL
inversion on neutral; sometimes in minimal dflex
60
weakest among LCL
ATFL and PTFL is rarely torn
61
ligaments of MCL
deltoid ligament anterior and posterior tibiotalar calcaneotibial tibionavicular
62
function of MCL
restrict eversion or valgus force
63
between LCL and MCL what is stronger
MCL due to number of bands and close fibers
64
describe stability of subtalar joint
relies mroe on bone config pero may lateral ligs naman
65
lateral ligs of subtalar joint
calcaneofibular lateral talocalcaneal cervical interosseous talocalcaneal
66
strongest of the lateral ligs of subtalar joint
cervical
67
main passive stabilizer of medial longitudinal arch
spring or plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
68
lig of talonavicular joint
spring or plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
69
lig of calcaneocuboid joint
calcaneocuboid ligament - lateral dosral calcaneocuboid - dorsal plantar calcaneocuboid - plantar long plantar - plantar and lateral arch
70
anterior compartment muscles
tib anterior extensor digitorum longus and hallucis peroneus tertius
71
posterior compartment muscles - spuerficial
gastrocs and soleus - triceps surae plantaris
72
posterior compartment muscles - deep
flexor digitorum longus and hallucis longus tib post
73
lateral compartment muscles
peroneus longus and brevis
74
dorsal compartment muscles
extensor digitorum brevis
75
plantar compartment muscles - spuerficial
abd hallucis and digiti minimi flexor digitorum brevis
76
plantar compartment muscles - second
lumbrical and quadratus plantae
77
plantar compartment muscles - third
flexor hallucis brevis and digit minimi add hallucis
78
plantar compartment muscles - deepest
interossei - 4 dorsal and 3 plantar
79
function of arches in WB
adapts to surfaces and makes foot more rigid for weight distribition
80
key stone of medial arch
talus
81
dynamic support of medial arch
extrinsic and intrinsic muscles
82
passive support of medial arch
spring, interosseous talocalcaneal, deltoid, plantar
83
keystone of lateral arch
cuboid
84
passive support of lateral arch
long and short plantar
85
support of transverse arch
deep transverse MTT
86
keystone of transverse arch
middle cuneiform
87
what is plantar aponeurosis
from medial tub of calc to proximal phalanx of each toe
88
importance of plantar apo
keeps integrity or arches bcs of tension
89
what is windlass effect
tension of plantar fascia due to MTP hyper ex - draws hindfoot and MT together - raises arch benificial during push off when plantar fascia is taut also stretches achilles = stretch reflex of gastroc - more efficient propel forward
90
relate pes planus of windlass effect
limits MTP ext - dec windlass and lenthened plantar fascia
91
what is plantar fasciatis
common in flat foot inflammation of plantar fascia usually during 1st step in morning - sa calc or medial arch
92
what is trabecular system
100% of weight from leg is recieved by talus talus - calc - mid and forefoot pressure in quiet stance is distributed equally to the hindfoot and forefoot - wlaking and running more pressure

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