ORG ANA: Pelvic Cavity Flashcards
(203 cards)
1
Q
where is pelvic cavity lcoated
A
betw pelvic inlet and outlet
2
Q
what divides the pelvic cavity
A
pelvic diaphragm into main PC and perineum
3
Q
what does the pelvic cavity contain
A
lower GI tract
distal urinary tract
internal reproductive organs
4
Q
the pelvic cavity is the cavity of _____
A
the true pelvis
5
Q
the sigmoid colon is continous w _____
A
rectum at S3
6
Q
the sigmoid colon is from ____
A
descending colon at pelvic brim
7
Q
what is the sigmoid colon
A
s shaped and 10-15 in long
8
Q
what attaches the sigmoid to the posterior wall
A
sigmoid mesocolon
9
Q
what supplies the sigmoid
A
sigmoid branch of inferior mesenteric artery
drains to inferior mesenteric vein
10
Q
nerve supply of sigmoid
A
inferior hypogastric plexus
11
Q
anterior relation of sigmoid colon
A
male - urinary bladder
female - posterior uterus and upper vagina
12
Q
posterior relations of sigmoid
A
rectum
sacrum
lower ileum
13
Q
what is volvulus
A
sigmoid rotates counterclockwise around mesentery - blood supply is cut off or ischemia
14
Q
common site of cancer
A
sigmoid colon
15
Q
what is diverticula
A
out-pouchings of the wall or mucous membrane ng sigmoid - not really a problem
16
Q
what is diverticulitis
A
once feces enters diverticula - infflamation and enlarged na may pain
17
Q
what is the usual presenting symptom of cancer in sigmoid
A
blood in stool
18
Q
most common cause of LLQ pain
A
diverticulitis
19
Q
what is colostomy
A
surgical procedure connecting part of colon to opening of abdomen w a stoma
20
Q
what is the rectum
A
about 5 in; galing sigmoid at S3 tas maging anal canal sa pelvic floor then anus s perineum
21
Q
lower part of rectum that is dilated
A
rectal ampulla
22
Q
responsible for producing anorectal angle
A
puborectalis
23
Q
desrcibe the coverage of rectum
A
covered by peritoneum except sa lower third
24
Q
arrangement of muscular coat
A
outer - longitudinal
inner - circular
SMOOTH MUSCLES YAN
25
semicircular permanent folds in the colon
houston valves or transverse folds
26
posterior relationship of rectum
sacrum and coccyx
piriformis, coccygeus, levator ani
sacral plexus and sympathetic trunks
27
anterior relationship of rectum in male
upper 2/3 rectum - sigmoid colon, ileum
lower 1/3 of rectum - posterior bladder, vas deferens and seminal vesicle of each prostae
28
anterior relationship of rectum in female
upper 2/3 rectum - sigmoid colon, ileum
lower 1/3 of rectum - posterior vagina
29
blood supp of rectum
superior rectal artery, middle rectal, inferior rectal
30
nerve supp of rectum
inferior hypogastric plexuses - sensitive to stretch only kaya pag may tumor no pain
31
of the 2 which is sensitive to pain rectum or anal canal
anal canal
32
what is hirschprung's disease
aka primary megacolon - inability to pass out meconium sa infants
33
where is hirchsprung common
male infants
34
cause of hirschprung's disease
certain nerve cells in the wall of colon does not develop before birth = mag ddilate or ipon yung tae
35
most common site for hirschprung's disease
rectum
36
treatment for hirschprung's disease
first stage - relieves intestinal obstruction through colostomy
second stage - remove disease portion of bowel through pull though procedure
37
the ureters are what type of organ
both abdominal and pelvic
38
what are kidneys
reddish brown located retroperitoneal under costal margin
39
function of kidneys
excrete waste from metabolism
control water and electrolyte balance
maintains acid-base balance of blood
40
what is the hilum
slit at medial concave border of kidney
41
what passes through the hilum
renal vein
2 branches renal artery
ureter
3rd branch of renal artery
lymph vessels
sympathetic fibers
42
what is renal sinus
an extension of hilum that contains the renal pelvis
yung major and minor calyces
43
what makes up the medulla
renal pyramids
renal papilla
renal collumns
medullary rays
44
outer layer of kidney
cortex
45
inner layer of kidney
medulla
46
anterior relationship of R kidney
adrenal
liver
2nd part duodenum, right colic flexure
47
anterior relationship of L kidney
adrenal
spleen, pancreas
jejunum, left colic flexure
48
posterior relationship of R kidney
diaphragm, costodiaphragmatic recess of pleura, 12 th rib
psoas, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis muscle, subcostal
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
49
posterior relationship of L kidney
diaphragm, costodiaphragmatic recess of pleura, 11-12 th rib
psoas, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis muscle, subcostal
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
50
blood supp of kidney
renal
segmental
lobar
interlobar
interlobar
interlobular
arcuate
51
layers that covers the kidney
fibrous capsule
perireneal fat
renal fascia
pararenal fat
52
nerve supp of kidney
sympathetic plexus
afferent enters T10-12
53
what are suprarenal glands
yellow retriperotineal organs on top of kidneys
54
blood supply of suprarenal glands
inferior phrenic artery, aorta and renal
IVC on left and renal vein on right
55
whre na iipit yung kidney stones
sa 3 constrictions of ureter
56
3 constrictions of ureter
renal pelvis joins ureter
crosses pelvic brim
pierces bladder
57
in pelvic area the ureter is crossed by
men - ductus deferens
female - uterine women
58
blood supp of ureter
upper - renal art/vein
middle - testicular/ovarian
lower - superior vesical
59
parts of suprarenal glands
cortex - yellow
medulla - dark brown
each is unique in the hormones they produce
60
identify if right or left suprarenal
pyramid shape
right
61
identify if right or left suprarenal
crescent shape
left
62
identify if right or left suprarenal
on upper pole lng
right
63
identify if right or left suprarenal
from upper pole to medial border until hilum
left
64
identify if right or left suprarenal
behinds R lobe of liver and IVC
right
65
identify if right or left suprarenal
behind pancreas and stomach
left
66
identify if right or left suprarenal
rests post in diaphragm
both
67
function of cortex of adrenal
mineral corticoids - fluid electrolyte
glucocorticoids - carbs, fat and protein metabolism
sex hormones - development
68
function of medulla of adrenal
catecholamines - epi and norepi
69
anterior relationships of R ureter
duodenum
terminal ileum
right colic and ileocolic vessel
R testicular/ovarian artery
root of mesenetery of small intestine
70
posterior relationships of L ureter
psoas separate it from lumbar transverse process
bifurcation of left common iliac
71
anterior relationships of L ureter
sigmoid colon and mesocolon
left colic vessesls
L testicular/ovarian vessels
72
posterior relationships of R ureter
psoas separate it from lumbar transverse process
bifurcation of right common iliac
73
max capacity of bladder
500mL
74
describe the apex of bladder
behind symphisis pubis and connected to umbillicus via median umbillical ligament
75
desribe the base of bladder
superolateral angle is joined by ureter and and urethra s baba
76
what covers superior surface of bladder
peritoneum
77
relation of superior surface of bladder
ileum or sigmoid
78
relation of inferolateral surface of bladder
anterior to retropubic fat pad and pubic bone
posterior to obturator internus and levator ani
79
relations of neck of bladder
rests on upper prostate and held in pos by puboprostatic/pubovesical ligament
80
what is trigone
triangular shape ng smooth muscle n may mucous membrane
81
where does urethra exit
lowes point of trigone
82
significance of oblique orientaion of ureter
provides valve like action preventing reverse flow of urine
83
what is detrusor
layer of smooth muscle
84
what happems when bladder is stretched
signal parasymph nerveous system to contract detrusor and expel urine
85
blood supp of bladder
superior and inferior vesical
branchof internal iliac
86
nerve supp of urinary bladder
inferior hypogastric plexus
87
explain micturition
open internal sphincter autonomically and external voluntarily
88
explain micturition reflex
initiated if 300ml is reached
stretch receptors are stimulated = CNS desire to urinate
afferent pass pelvic splachnic and enter S2-L2
detrusor contracts tas sphincter vesicae relax
efferent pass via pudendal and undergo relax
89
what atonic bladder
in GSW during spinal shock - bladder is relaxed but sphincter is contract - not aware full bladder
90
where does automatic reflex bladder happen
recovered from spinal shock and in infants
dementia and comatose
91
what is automatic reflex bladder happen
bladder fills tas empties reflexly
92
what is autonomus bladder
walang external reflex control - bladder is flaccid so manual compression para ma empty
93
where does urethra begin
base of bladder and ends w opening in perineum
94
describe urethra in women
short and prone to UTI
95
what are skenes gland
2 paraurethral mucous glands
96
describe urethra in men
long mga 20 cm
divided into preprostatic, prostastic and spongy
97
describe preprostatic urethra
from bladder neck to superior prostate - 1-1.5
prevents retrograde of semen
98
the preprostatic urethra is associated w ____
associated w internal urethral sphincter
99
describe prostatic urethra
widest and most dilated - 4cm long
from prostate and pierces ejaculatory duct
100
describe membranous part
shortest part - 1-2 cm long
apex of prostate to bulb of penis
101
membranous part is assoc w ______
external urethral sphincter and bulbourethral gland posterolat
102
describe spongy urethra
longest part and ends at external urethral orifice
recieves openings of urethral glands
103
function of vas deferens
conveys mature sperm from epididymis to ejac duct
104
dilated terminal part of vas deferens
ampulla of vas deferens
105
what forms ejaculatory duct
vas deferens and seminal vesicle
106
what is seminal vescile
lobular - produces secretion that is added to seminal fluid for nourishment
107
blood supp of seminal vesicles
inferior vesicle and middle rectal artery tas internal iliac vein
108
describe path of jakol duct
pierces posterior prostate and opens in prostatic urethra
109
relation of base of prostate
lies superiorly s bladder neck
110
relation of apex of prostate
lies inferiorly s urogenital diaphragm
111
describe prostate
made of numerous bands
112
describe anterior lobe of prostate
devoid of glandular tissue; in front urethra
113
describe posterior lobe of prostate
behind urethra and below ejac ducts
w gland tissue
114
describe median lobe of prostate
betw urethra and ejac ducts; related to trigon
115
describe L and R lateral lobe of prostate
separated by vertical groove
116
superior relation of prostate
base is continous w neck of bladder
117
inferior relation of prostate
lies on upper urogenital diaphragm
118
anterior relation of prostate
symphysis pubis - sep by extraperitoneal space at cave of retzius
119
posterior relation of prostate
anterior surface of rectal ampulla sep by rectovesical septum
120
function of prostate
produces milky fluid containing citric acid and acid phosphatase
121
blood supply of prostate
inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries
122
nerve of prostate
inferior hypogastric plexus
123
where is benign enlargement of prostate common
men > 50 yo
124
SSx of BPH
intense feeling to pee and difficult to pee weak stream
125
complication of BPH
backpressure effect to ureter and kidney _ inferion and inflammation of badder cystitis
126
common lobe of prostatic center
posterior lobe
early detection through rectal exam
127
what are bulbourethral glands
small pea shape - opens into bulb of spongy urethra
128
where is the ovary found
sa ovarian fossa on lateral wall of pelvis
129
what is the suspensory ligament
part betw mesovarium and lateral wall of pelvis
130
what is tunica albuginea
thin fibrous capsule around ovary
131
wha t is the function of ovaries
produces estrogen and progesteron
site of egg production
132
describe is the uterine tube
4 inches long and has 4 parts
133
what is infundibulum
lateral projections and has a finger like edge called fimbrae - nakuha ng egg
134
what is the ampulla
widest part - fertilization takes place
135
what is the isthmus
narrowest just lateral uterus
136
what is the intramural part
segment that pierces uterine wall
137
function of uterine tube
recieves ovum and site of fertilization - transports uterus
passage of sperm
138
blood sup of uterine tube
uterine artery
139
nerve of uterine tube
inferior hypogastric plexus
140
what is pelvic inflammatory disease
pathogen though sexual contacct ascends to uterine tube = salpingitis - pus leak
141
what is ectopic pregnancy
ovum occurs outside of uterine cavity - pwd mag rupture tube
142
what is tubal ligation
division of uterine tube - permanent birth control
143
describe fundus of uterus
lies above entrance of fallopian tube
144
describe body of uterus
below entrance of fallopian tube continous w cervix
145
descrive cervix
divided into supravaginal and vaginal parts
146
describe cavity of uterus
trinagular and communivates w vagina
147
fucntion of uterus
retention and nourishment of fertilized ovum
148
anterior relationships of uterus
uterovesical pouch and superior surface of bladder
149
posterior relationships of uterus
rectouterine pouch or pouch of Douglas
ileum and sigmoid
150
lateral relationships of uterus
broad ligament and uterine artery and vein
151
rrelationships of supravaginal cervix
ant - sup bladder
laterally - ureter
152
relationships vaginal cervix
ant - anterior fornix of vagina
lat - lateral fornix
153
compare anterversion and anteflexion
anterversion - uterus is forward 90 deg
anteflexion - uterus bent horizontal - 125
154
compare retroverted and retroflexed
retroverted - fundus is bent back ward on vafina
retroflexed - body is bent backward
155
what is myometrium
thick smooth muscle
156
what is endometrium
mucus lining
157
what is parametrium
supravaginal part of cervix surrounded by visceral pelvic fascia; where uterine artery crosses the ureter on each side
158
blood supp of uterus
uterine artery and vein
159
nerve of uterus
inferior hypogastric plexus
160
what supports the uterus
levator ani the 3 ligaments of pelvic fascia
161
what are the 3 ligaments of uterus
transverse cervical
pubocervical
sacrocervical
162
attachment of cardinal ligament
cerviz to upper vagina and lateral wall of pelvis
163
attachment of pubocervical ligament
cervix and posterior surface of pubis
also supports bladder
164
attachment of sacrocervical ligament
cervix and lower end of sacrum
165
what triggers onset of labor
withdrawal of progesterone
166
discuss initiation of contractions in uterus
once the fetal head starts to stretch the cervix - nervous reflex is initiated causing powerful contractions s uterus
167
discus the stages of labor
stage 1 - cervix relaxes = dilate
stage 2 - contractions inc in strength and infant is delivered
stage 3 - placenta is expelled
168
what is the vagina
3 inches n muscular tube that extends upward into uteris
169
what pierces the anterior wall of vagina
cervix pierces the anterior wall
170
loc of upper vagina
above pelvic floor
171
loc of lower vagina
w/in perineum
172
what are the divisions of vagina
aka fornices
anterior
posterior
lateral
173
what is the hymen
thin mucosal at vaginal orifice tas perforated yung center
174
anterior rela of vagina
bladder and urethra
175
posterior rela of upper vagina
rectouterine pouch - douglas
176
posterior rela of middle vagina
ampulla of rectum
177
posterior rela of lower vagina
perineal body
178
lateral rela of middle vagina
anterior fibers of perineal body
179
lateral rela of upper vagina
ureter
180
lateral rela of lower vagina
urogenital diaphragm and bulb of vestibule
181
functions of vagina
part of birth canal
excretory duct for mens
182
blood supp of vagina
vaginal artery and plexus of vaginal vein
183
nerve supp of vagina
inferior hypogastric plexus
184
support for upper vagina
levator ani, cardinal, pubocervical and sacrocervical ligmants
185
support for middle vagina
urogenital diaphragm
186
support for lower vagina
perineal body
187
loc of peritoneum
from anterior abd wall to upper bladder
188
rela of of peritoneum
ant - uterus and vagina
post - rectum
189
what is the broad ligament
2 layer fold of peritoneum that spans pelvic cavity
190
what is mesometrium
largest part
191
what is mesovarium
attaches ovary to broad ligament
192
what is mesosalpinx
mesentery of fallopian tube; so betw uterine tube nd mesovarium
193
what does broad ligament contain
uterine tube
ovary
round ligament
suspensory ligament
uterine and ovarian bv, lymph and nerves
194
what is placenta previa
placenta implants sa lower part ng uterus and can cause hemmorhage at 28th wk = expansion of uterine wall
195
what is placental abruption
premature separation of placenta sa uterus wall
196
what is culdocentesis
since malapit yung perioneal acvity sa posterior fornix -kaya i drain yung pelvic abcess through vagina
197
causes of vaginal trauma
coital injury, picket fence impalement, under water pressure
198
1st deg vaginal trauma
vaginal mucosa is torn
199
2nd deg vaginal trauma
perineal muscles torn
200
3rd deg vaginal trauma
anal sphincter torn
201
4th deg vaginal trauma
rectum torn
202
complication of laceration of vaginal wall
especially posterior fornix - violates pouch of douglas and cause prolapse of small intestine
203
factors that contribute to varicose veins
pressure of uterus in preggy sa IVC and inferior mesenteric vein
impaired venous return
inc progesterone elevel = relax smooth muscle of veins nag dilate
