KINES: Postural Control

Question 1

define posture

Answer 1

ability to maintain correct relationships betw body segments, body and environment for a task

Question 2

what is the quadrupedal stance

Answer 2

BW is distributed in UE and LE - very stable

Question 3

what is the bipedal stance

Answer 3

BW is transmitted through the vertebral column - reduces BOS

Question 4

what are the effects of bipedal stance

Answer 4

inc heart rate
develops secondary curves
stability is challenged = needs adjustments

Question 5

relate posture and COG

Answer 5

COG is dependent on body pos and it will affect posture

control mechanism will be made to adjust

Question 6

what is static posture

Answer 6

maintained in one pos - sitting and standing

Question 7

what is dynamic posture

Answer 7

body and segments are moving - walking and jumping

Question 8

what is postural balance

Answer 8

ability to maintain the body in equilibrium in static/dynamic posture - muscles contract to avoid COM to move outside BOS

Question 9

discuss reactive or compensatory postural control

Answer 9

body reacts to external force that displaces COM - when getting pushed you adjust your step

Question 10

discuss proactive or anticipatory postural control

Answer 10

responds to anticipated destabilizing forces; di pa nag ccontact yung force - curve road body will moves to other direction

Question 11

how does one challenge posture

Answer 11

perturbation - any sudden force that displaces body away from equilibrium

Question 12

discuss sensory perturbation

Answer 12

eliminate visual inputs = automatic mechanism

slouching, using UE to feel environment, crouching, mga safety mechanisms

Question 13

discuss mechanical perturbation

Answer 13

external forces that displaces COM

Question 14

how does one respond to mechanical perturbation

Answer 14

body reacts by doing strategies or synergies

Question 15

discuss fixed support strategies

Answer 15

feet remains on same point of ground and employs ankle or hip strategy

Question 16

discuss ankle strategy

Answer 16

body will react to prevent too much dflex to avoid falling forward - for weak forces lng

Question 17

discuss hip strategy

Answer 17

for stronger forces - relies more on the proximal segments

Question 18

discuss change-in-support forces

Answer 18

one of the limbs steps forward to catch BOS - stepping strategy

grasping response - UE will grab to prevent falling; protective reaction

Question 19

purpose of head stabilizing strategies

Answer 19

head adjusts for good orientation to environment in respect to body positions

Question 20

discus head stabilization in space

Answer 20

change of head only - when trunk is bent head will straighten

Question 21

discus head stabilization on trunk

Answer 21

head and trunk moves together - in car ganun

Question 22

internal forces that affects posture

Answer 22

muscles and passive tension from static structures

Question 23

external forces that affects posture

Answer 23

inertia
gravity
GRF

Question 24

what is postural sway or sway envelop

Answer 24

constant swaying of in erect standing - due to inertia and gravity

Question 25

when does GRF occur

Answer 25

when LE gets contact w ground and ground exerts same amount of force

Question 26

describe postural control in ankle

Answer 26

anatomic position - LOG passes anterior to ankle and creates dflex moment soleus will counteract and create a pflex moment

Question 27

describe postural control in knee

Answer 27

LOG passes anterior to knee axis that creates an extension moment posterior knee ligaments and posterior capsule will prevent hyperextension soleus can also help by pulling tibia backwards

Question 28

describe postural control in hip

Answer 28

LOG passes posterior to hip axis - creates posterior pelvic tilt counteracted by anterior capsules and ligaments and the hip flexors

Question 29

describe postural control in lumbar spine

Answer 29

LOG passes posterior = excessive lumbar lordosis counteracted by abdominal muscles

Question 30

describe postural control in thoracic spine

Answer 30

LOG passes anterior = erector spinae, traps, temporalis and soleus counteracts excessive kyphosis

Question 31

describe postural control in cervical spine

Answer 31

LOG posterior - anterior cervical muscles and passive structures will counteract

Question 32

describe postural control in mandible

Answer 32

gravity pulls in down but temporalis counteracts it

Question 33

describe good posture

Answer 33

minimal COG development less muscle activities and less support from passive structures

Question 34

describe poor posture

Answer 34

excessive COG displacement more muscle contraction and more stress on passive structures

Question 35

describe poor posture

Answer 35

excessive COG displacement more muscle contraction and more stress on passive structures

Question 35

describe poor posture

Answer 35

excessive COG displacement more muscle contraction and more stress on passive structures

Question 36

effects of poor posture

Answer 36

muscles might get fatigued = strain over stretch of passive structures = sprain mag kaka postural pain syndrome

Question 37

functional tasks to assess posture and balance during sitting

Answer 37

steady state - berg 1 sit reactive - nudge proactive - berg 2 sit-to-stand

Question 38

functional tasks to assess posture and balance during standing

Answer 38

steady state - berg 3 stand reactive - nudge proactive - berg 6 functional reach test

Question 39

functional tasks to assess posture and balance during walking

Answer 39

steady state - 10m walk reactive - walk w pertubration proactive - dynamic gait mag walk over obstacles

Question 40

how does body morphology affect posture

Answer 40

taller - higher COG - unstable heavier - more stable

Question 41

how does age affect posture

Answer 41

toddlers - less balance older - weaker muscles = postural issues

Question 42

how does gender affect posture

Answer 42

males have more muscle bulk - more stable

Question 43

how does pregnancy affect posture

Answer 43

baby inside womb shifts COG forward - challenging posture

Question 44

how does occupation and recreation affect posture

Answer 44

occupation that requires more balance sports also challenges balance

Question 45

how does physical conditions affect posture

Answer 45

stroke - weak and balance issues cerebral ataxia - balance problems

Question 46

what is the LOG and external moment in atlanto-occipital in standing

Answer 46

anterior = flexion

Question 47

what is the LOG and external moment in cervical in standing

Answer 47

posterior = extension

Question 48

what is the LOG and external moment in thoracic in standing

Answer 48

anterior = flexion

Question 49

what is the LOG and external moment in lumbar in standing

Answer 49

posterior = extension

Question 50

what is the LOG and external moment in sacroiliac in standing

Answer 50

anterior = nutation

Question 51

what is the LOG and external moment in hip in standing

Answer 51

posterior = extension

Question 52

what is the LOG and external moment in knee in standing

Answer 52

anterior = extension

Question 53

what is the LOG and external moment in ankle in standing

Answer 53

anterior = dorsiflexion

Question 54

passive opposing forces in atlanto-occipital

Answer 54

ligamentum nuchae alar ligaments tectorial, atlantoaxial and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes

Question 55

passive opposing forces in cervical

Answer 55

anterior longitudinal ligament anterior anulus fibers zygapophyseal capsule

Question 56

passive opposing forces in thoracic

Answer 56

posterior longitudinal, supraspinous and interspinous ligaments zygapophyseal capsule and posterior anulus fibers

Question 57

passive opposing forces in lumbar

Answer 57

anterior longitudinal and iliolumbar ligaments anterior fibers of anulus fibrous zygapophyseal capsule

Question 58

passive opposing forces in sacroiliac

Answer 58

sarcotuberous, sacrospinous, iliolumbar and anterior sacroiliac ligaments

Question 59

passive opposing forces in hip

Answer 59

iliofemoral ligament

Question 60

passive opposing forces in knee

Answer 60

posterior joint capsule

Question 61

passive opposing forces in ankle

Answer 61

none

Question 62

active opposing forces in atlanto-occipital

Answer 62

rectus capitus posteriors - major and minor semispinalis, splenius capitus and cervicis inferior and superior oblique

Question 63

active opposing forces in cervical

Answer 63

anterior scalene, longus capitis and colli

Question 64

active opposing forces in thoracic

Answer 64

ligamentum flavum longissimus, iliocoastalis, spinalis and semi-spinalis thoracis

Question 65

active opposing forces in lumbar

Answer 65

rectus abdominis external and internal oblique

Question 66

active opposing forces in sacroiliac

Answer 66

transversus abdominis

Question 67

active opposing forces in hip

Answer 67

iliopsoas

Question 68

active opposing forces in knee

Answer 68

hamstrings and gastrocs

Question 69

active opposing forces in ankle

Answer 69

gastroc-soleus