KINES: Normal Gait Flashcards by PHILYP EPHRAIM PARANGALAN

Q

define locomotion

A

body is transported from one place to another

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Q

explain how locomotion happens

A

translatory progression thought coordinated movements of hip, knee, ankle and trunk and UE

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Q

define gait

A

upright locomotion by means of walking, jogging, running

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Q

define walking

A

gait in upright bipedal form

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Q

define ambulation

A

for clinical setting - whether person can wall w or w/o external assistance

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Q

major tasks of gait

A

maintain support of hat, upright posture, balance

control foot trajectory

generation of forward velocity

absorption of energy from GRF

decrease forward velocity

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Q

comprises 60% of total gait cycle

A

stance phase

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Q

comprises 40% of total gait cycle

A

swing phase

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Q

what does stance phase mean

A

reference foot is is contact w ground

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Q

traditional phases of stance phase of gait

A

heel strike - foot flat - midstance - heel off - toe off

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Q

RLA phases of stance phase of gait

A

initial contact - loading response - midstance - terminal stance - pre-swing

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Q

what is swing phase

A

where reference foot is no in contact w the ground

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Q

traditional phases of swing phase of gait

A

acceleration - midswing - deceleration

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Q

RLA phases of swing phase of gait

A

initial swing - midswing - terminal swing

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Q

define gait cycle

A

from R initial contact to R initial contact

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Q

discuss the timing on contralateral limb

ipsi - initial contact

A

end of terminal stance

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Q

discuss the timing on contralateral limb

ipsi - loading respinse

A

pre swing

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Q

discuss the timing on contralateral limb

ipsi - midstance

A

midswing

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Q

discuss the timing on contralateral limb

ipsi - terminal stance

A

terminal swing - initial contact

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Q

discuss the timing on contralateral limb

ipsi - pre-swing

A

initial response to loading response

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Q

define stance time

A

during stance phase of one extremity

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Q

define single support time

A

only one extremity is on ground - 2 instances in one gait cycle

right mid to terminal and left mid to terminal

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Q

define double support time

A

when both feet are on the ground - twice in once cycle

prior to loading response - 22% of entire cycle

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Q

define cadence

Study These Flashcards

A

steps / time - usually 90-120/min

define gait speed

rate of forward linear motion - distance/time

change of walking velocity over time

walking acceleration

step length

distance of step from R and L extremity

stride length

distance covered by same foot 1 stride length - 1 gait cycle

width of BOS

linear distance betw midpoint of heel and of other foot normal: 5-10 cm

normal value of degree of toe out

7-8 deg intersecting center of heel and 2nd toe

immature or mature gait wider BOS

immature

immature or mature gait adequate BOS

mature

immature or mature gait UE high or medium guard

immature

immature or mature gait UE produces reciprocal arm swing

mature

immature or mature gait flat foot at contact and pronated foot in WB

immature

immature or mature gait heel strike at contact and adequate arch in WB

mature

immature or mature gait variable step length

immature

immature or mature gait less variable step length

mature gait

immature or mature gait hip FABER and excess knee flex at swing

immature

immature or mature gait sufficient foot clearance at swing

mature

immature or mature gait knee hyperex throughout stance

immtaure

immature or mature gait knee in semi flex during midstance

mature

immature or mature gait increased cadence

immature

immature or mature gait normal cadence

mature

what are the determinants of gait

adjustments made by the body to keep COG displacement minimal optimize COG and reduce energy consumption

discuss vertical displacement of COG

lowest - heel strike and double support highest - during midstance

average lateral displacement of COG in gait

1.8-2 inches

average vertical displacement of COG in gait

1.8-3 inches during midstance

what are the six determinants of gait

pelvic rotation pelvic tilt knee flexion knee mechanism/interactions ankle and foot mechanism/interaction lateral pelvic motion

discuss pelvic rotation in gait

pelvis rotates forward and backward in transverse plane to prevent excessive drop of COG IR on stance of LE ER on wing of LE

discuss lateral pelvic tilt in gait

downward pelvic tilt on swing leg at z-axis during midswing to prevent excessive rise of COG adduction on stance

discuss knee flexion in gait

initial contact - knee is extended midstance - flexed at 15-20 deg; highest COG so mag flex to prevent COG rising and also for shock absorption and better energy use

discuss knee, ankle and foot mechanisms/interaction in gait during heel strike

heel strike - knee extended - ankle neutral = lengthening oof leg that reduces drop of COG

discuss knee, ankle and foot mechanisms/interaction in gait during toe off

toe off - ankle pflex - lenghtening of LE - reduces drop of COG

discuss knee, ankle and foot mechanisms/interaction in gait

if leg lengthens - ankle will adapt kaya neutral if leg shortens - ankle will pflex to stop shortening

discuss lateral pelvic motion in gait

results to physiologic valgus of knee = reduces BOS adduction on stance LE prevents excessive side-to-side movement of COG

describe the stance phase in stair gait

when you start to give BW to leading extremity pull up body and forward continuance 64%

describe the stair phase in stair gait

as foot clearance occurs and when foot placement occurs 36%